Many cities in the United States obtain potable water from multiple sources to maintain diversity in its supply. Groundwater and wholesale imported water supplies are commonly found sources. With ever increasing population and an uncertainty in the long-term sustainability of reliable potable water sources, some cities have decided to investigate water reuse as a means to compliment water supply demand. A Water Reclamation Facility (WRF) that scalps flow from a donor sewer to produce high-quality reuse water can play an important role in offsetting surrounding potable water demands. Often, high-demand users are located in built-up areas when available land is limited and offices and homes are next door. The solution to this problem is to provide a WRF that incorporates advanced treatment processes such as a membrane bioreactor (MBR), ozone and a state-of-the-art odor control system. This paper discusses a typical application of implementing a WRF within a developed city environment.
With increasing population and an uncertainty in the long-term sustainability of reliable potable water sources, many cities have decided to investigate water reuse as a means to compliment water supply demand. The City of Anaheim (California) recently completed construction of a 100,000 gpd decentralized water recycling facility that produces Title 22 disinfected tertiary effluent. The process equipment including fine screen, MBR, ozone, UV, carbon adsorbers for odor control and recycled water pumps along with associated appurtenances were all housed in a small footprint (1800 ft 2 ) next to the City Hall. The facility was designed to blend in with existing surrounding structures and architectural styles, and look aesthetically appealing. The project team faced significant challenges during the design and startup, which included 1) accommodating equipment in a small footprint 2) obtaining permits from regulatory agencies for these relatively newer treatment processes, and 3) optimizing plant operation to meet end user demand. Despite these challenges, the startup was completed successfully. During the performance testing, the effluent produced from the facility had average BOD, COD and TOC concentrations of 5, 22 and 6 mg/L, respectively. The WRF achieved complete nitrification and partial denitrification with average ammonia and nitrate concentrations of 0.3 and 8.0 mg/L-N, respectively. The bioassay validation and 14-day coliform testing performed on the ozone system demonstrated that the ozone system achieved greater than 5-log removal of seeded MS-2 bacteriophage and total coliform bacterial concentration of less than 1 CFU/100 mL.
The City of Riverside (City) is currently constructing the largest Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) retrofit in the United States as part of the $200 million Regional Water Quality Control Plant (RWQCP) Phase 1 expansion project. The City evaluated the total cost of MBR ownership and membrane system supplier experience and selected GE/Zenon Environmental Corporation (GE) in July of 2010 as providing the best overall value. Initially the City selected GE/Zenon to supply their "10/30 Eco-Aeration Design" system. In July 2011 at the time of the project's 100 percent design submittal, GE released the LEAPmbr system. The City had to decide if the risk of applying the new technology were acceptable. The City decided that the savings in construction cost and energy were worth the risk and delays of implementing the new system. The board approved the change in the system.
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