Peer‐mediated interventions (PMIs) have been shown to be effective for increasing adaptive social and academic behaviours of children and youth. Although PMI efficacy is generally well supported, there have been relatively few published intervention studies that focus on elementary, middle and high school students with emotional and behavioural disorders (EBD). The present review examines selected empirical literature in order to identify characteristics and relative efficacy of PMI. Findings of 12 peer‐reviewed journal papers including research designs and outcomes were examined. Results provide support for the efficacy of PMI for improving behavioural and social skills of students with EBD. Recommendations include further research on PMI for high school students and longitudinal research of PMI.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new, single-administration Otic Solution containing florfenicol, terbinafine and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE).DesignThe clinical efficacy and safety study was a multicentre, controlled, masked and randomised field study conducted over 30 days. Two hundred and twenty-one (221) client-owned dogs of varying breeds with diagnosed bacterial and/or fungal OE were enrolled.ProcedureDogs were randomised to either Otic Solution or control groups. Evaluations were conducted over a minimum period of 30 days with a primary effectiveness endpoint based on the improvement in a clinical severity score at the final visit (day 30). Safety analyses were based on clinical and laboratory parameters and the occurrence of adverse events.ResultsThe Otic Solution group demonstrated a significantly higher treatment success rate compared with that observed for the control group (72.5 per cent v 11.1 per cent, P value=0.0001) for cases of OE caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis. No significant safety findings were reported.Conclusions/clinical relevanceThis new ototopical formulation provides safe and effective treatment of canine OE and is an important alternative antimicrobial for this indication. The single-administration dosage regimen eliminates opportunities for client dosage administration errors and medication stockpiling.
The authors report quantitative findings from a meta-analysis of studies investigating the relationship between attachment style, grounded in theory developed by Bowlby and Ainsworth; and Snyder's theoretical model of hope (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991; Snyder, 1994). Statistically significant results provide support for further investigation of clinical value of the attachment/hope dynamic as an effective heuristic for conceptualizing human development, behavior and the therapeutic process.
In North America, approximately 20,000 people acquire spinal cord injury (SCI) each year, and approximately 270,000 individuals with SCI live within the United States (Cripps et al., 2011; National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center [NSCISC], 2012). In addition to functional impairment directly caused by the initial injury, individuals with SCI often experience secondary health conditions, psychosocial adjustment challenges, and limitations related to architectural and attitudinal barriers in the broader work environment (Schoen & Leahy, 2012). Work is critical to the overall health and subjective well-being (SWB) of individuals with SCI, with unemployment and poverty restricting access to high-quality health care and rehabilitative resources (Cao,
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