RcccivcdI2 Scptcmbcr 199 IUnder standard growth conditions, E. coli lrdnsformcd with the high-lcvcl expression vector pMON5525 produces recombinant DMAPPIAMP transferasc in inactive, insoluble complcxcs. WC have produced large amounts of active. soluble pratcin by growing and inducing the cells under osmotic stress in the prcscnce of sorbitol and glycyl betainc. This caused an increase of up to 427~fold in the active yield, and the disappearance of the protein from the pclletablc fraction of ccl1 extracts. This treatment .nay have wide ap?licability.Recombinant protein; Activity; DMAPWAMP transfcrasc: E. co/i

No abstract

No abstract

Functional training programs have been used in a variety of rehabilitation settings with documented success. Based on that success, the concept of functional training has gained popularity in applied fitness settings to enhance sport performance. However, there has been little or no research studying the efficacy of functional training programs on the improvement of sport performance or functional fitness. Thus, it was the purpose of this study to determine the effect of a progressive functional training program on club head speed and functional fitness in older male golfers. Eighteen male golfers (age: 70.7 +/- 9.1 [SD] years) were randomly assigned to an exercise (N = 11) or control (N = 7) group. The exercise group participated in an 8-week progressive functional training program including flexibility exercises, core stability exercises, balance exercises, and resistance exercises. Pre- and postmeasurements included club head speed of a driver by radar (exercise and Control) and Fullerton Senior Fitness Test measurements (exercise only). One-way analysis of covariance was performed on club head speed measurements using pretest measurements as the covariate. Paired t-tests were performed to analyze Senior Fitness Test variables. After the intervention, maximal club head speed increased in the exercise group (127.3 +/- 13.4 to 133.6 +/- 14.2 km x hr(-1)) compared with the control group (134.5 +/- 14.6 to 133.3 +/- 11.2 km x hr(-1); p < 0.05). Additionally, improvements (p < 0.05) were detected for most Senior Fitness Test variables in the exercise group. In summary, this functional training program resulted in significant improvements in club head speed and several components of functional fitness. Future research should continue to examine the effect of functional training programs on sport performance and functional fitness in older adults.

No abstract

Wrist and elbow angular kinematics and racket acceleration at impact were measured in the tennis one-handed back-hand drive for three groups of players: Professionals with no history of tennis elbow (PRO), intermediates with no history of tennis elbow (- TE), and intermediates with a history of tennis elbow (+ TE). Electrogoniometer, strain gauge, and accelerometer signals were sampled for thirty strokes at 1000 Hz. The first ten strokes with central impacts were analyzed. Angular kinematics and racket acceleration at impact were analyzed with planned comparisons ANOVA. A significant (p < 0.05) difference in mean wrist angular velocity after impact was observed between the PRO group (-4.04 rad/s of extension) and the + TE group (0.42 rad/s of flexion). No significant differences were observed in impact acceleration or elbow angular kinematics. Eccentric wrist extensor muscular actions through impact may be important area of study for one-handed backhands and TE.

Electromyography of the trunk muscles were compared between the open and square stance forehand drives of 14 collegiate tennis players. Surface EMG were bilaterally collected from the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and erector spinae (ES) in open and square stance forehand drives. EMG data were transferred by telemetry, 12 bit A/D converted at 1000 Hz, and stored for analysis. Rectified and smoothed EMG data were normalized (NEMG) to maximal isometric voluntary contractions and mean NEMG were calculated during the forward swing and follow through phases of the stroke. A 2 x 2 x 2 x 6 factorial ANOVA (Gender, Stance, Phase, Muscle) with repeated measures on Subject showed significant (p < 0.05) effects of Gender, Muscle, Phase, and several interactions. The nonsignificant differences in muscle activation between stances did not support the belief of tennis experts that open stance forehands require greater trunk activation than square stance forehands. Mean NEMG of the ES were significantly (p < 0.05) larger than EO or RA, which was consistent with observations of tennis-specific strength imbalances and increasing incidence of low back injuries in tennis.

No abstract