In Experiment I subjects pointed repeatedly at a target viewed through laterally displacing prisms and received terminal visual feedback. In one task the pointing movements were slow (proprioceptively controlled), and in the other they were fast (pre-programmed). In both tasks adaptation proceeded at the same rate and to the same level of performance. Following fast pointing with prisms a large amount of arm-body adaptation was found with slow and fast test movements, while following slow pointing with prisms a large amount of arm-body adaptation was found with slow test movements, but only a small amount with fast test movements. The result suggests that adapted behaviour with preprogrammed movements is not mediated by a proprioceptive change. In Experiment II pointing movements were passive. No arm-body adaptation was found with fast test movements, and, contrary to expectation, only a small amount with slow test movements.
In the past, members of the Muslim Khalifa community in Gujarat (India) held a low position in the social hierarchy, a status closely bound up with two of their hereditary occupations, barber and musician. This paper examines changing Khalifa attitudes towards their previously stigmatised occupations now that they are a well-established and relatively successful community in the UK. While the connection with hairdressing is acknowledged and actively pursued, music making is an area of contestation, with competing claims that 'music is in our blood', and that music is not fully endorsed by Islam. Some of the implications of this for 'Khalifa identity' are examined.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.