IN an earlier paper by one of us (T., 1914, 105, 313) it was shown that gelatin forms hydrolysable salts with acids, that swelling is due to the ionisa-tion of these and the osmotic pressure so produced, and that an equiliblrium results, in which the concentrations of anion, hydrion, and ionised gelatin salt can all be expressed as functions of the concentration of acid in the external solution, within the limits of experimental error. I n this earlier paper the concentration of the ionised gelatin chloride in the equilibrium gelatin-hydrochloric acid was shown t o be approximately Cl, = ~0~0 2~ + 0.0002, where C1, was the chlorine ionised from the gelatin salt, and LC' the concentration, in terms of normality, of the external hydrochloric acid. (Through an error C1, was given o* 2
Over‐abundant populations of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) create agricultural and human health and safety issues. The increased economic damage associated with locally overabundant deer populations accentuates the need for efficient techniques to mitigate the losses. Although red lasers can be an efficient tool for reducing damage caused by birds, they are not effective for deer because deer cannot detect wavelengths in the red portion of the spectrum. No research has been conducted to determine if lasers of lower wavelengths could function as frightening devices for deer. We evaluated a green laser (534 nm, 120 mW) and 2 models of blue lasers (473 nm, 5 mW and 15 mW) to determine their efficacy in dispersing deer at night. Deer were no more likely to flee during a green or blue laser encounter than during control encounters. The green and blue lasers we tested did not frighten deer. (WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN 34(2):371–374; 2006)
Epidermal strips of Commelina communis with ‘isolated’ stomata were incubated on Trizma‐maleate buffer containing 0‐500 mM KCL, with or without 10−4 M ABA, for 2.5 h. The resulting stomatal apertures indicate that there is no absolute requirement for live epidermal and subsidiary cells for ABA‐mediated closure. This implies that ABA has a direct effect on influx or efflux of K+ into or out of the guard cells rather than on uptake of K+ by the subsidiary cells. The possible in vivo role of subsidiary cells in stomatal closure is discussed.
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