To facilitate electronic commerce nationally and internationally and to achieve its goal of conducting business electronically whenever possible, the federal government is embarking on the implementation of a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). In order for electronic transactions to be seamless across Canada, it is important that similar infrastructures, policies and standards be adopted nationally. This White Paper begins with an overview of the practice of public key cryptography, and outlines its link to electronic commerce. It then provides an introduction to the underlying concepts of a PKI, which include: third-party trust; certification authority; certificates; and cross-certification. Once the required conceptual framework has been built, there is a discussion of the PKI that the Government of Canada (GoC) will adopt. The reader will learn about: the GoC PKI architecture and its main components; the Policy Management Authority; the role of industry in its delivery; the open commercial standards, protocols and cryptographic algorithms upon which it is based; and legal issues relating to the security of electronic information. Suggestions are provided for those who choose to proceed with the implementation of a PKI today. This Paper presents the benefits, to organizations and to the funding federal government departments, of building a PKI that is compatible with the GoC PKI. Note: Portions of this text have been reproduced with permission of Entrust Technologies Inc. Entrust is a registered trademark of Entrust Technologies Inc. All Entrust product names are trademarks of Entrust Technologies Inc.
In this paper we address an area that has been largely neglected by researchers-state provision of adult education in South Africa. We argue that there have been decades of neglect, or, at best, token support for our country's adult education system, and we look at how the system could be revitalised, both in terms of minimal requirements for immediate basic improvement as well as for a more radical and forward looking transformation of the system. South Africa has a history of attempts to provide school equivalent education to black adults through night schools. Suppressed in the 1950s and 1960s, they resurfaced after the 1976 Soweto revolt, and in 1996 the Constitution secured adult basic education as a right. State night schools were renamed Public Adult Learning Centres (PALCs), and seemed poised to become a powerful delivery mechanism, but continued as inadequate night schools. In 2015 the PALC system was ostensibly transformed into a community college one, but this transformation was based on the weak foundation of inadequate PALCs. A new 2019 plan for the Community Education and Training College System includes long needed major overhauls that must be made if adults' right to effective and relevant education is to be finally realised.
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