A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study in 181 afebrile cancer patients with ANC levels < 500/microL receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy was undertaken to compare sargramostim (yeast-derived recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, RhuGM-CSF) and filgrastim (bacteria-derived recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, RhuG-CSF) in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Patients received daily subcutaneous (SC) injections of either agent until ANC levels reached at least 1500/microL. There was no statistical difference between treatment groups in the mean number of days to reach an ANC of 500/microL, but the mean number of days to reach ANC levels of 1000/microL and 1500/microL was approximately one day less in patients receiving filgrastim. Fewer patients in the sargramostim arm were hospitalized, and they had a shorter mean length of hospitalization, mean duration of fever, and mean duration of i.v. antibiotic therapy compared with patients who received filgrastim. Both growth factors were well tolerated. No patient was readmitted to the hospital after growth factor was discontinued. Sargramostim and filgrastim have comparable efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of standard-dose chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in community practice.
E&P companies are now putting more focus on collaborative asset teamwork to speed and improve decision-making involved with developing oil and gas fields. To facilitate such collaboration, E&P companies are adopting shared, integrated, IT technology to enable multi-disciplinary teams to engage in improved workflow processes across all phases of the oil field life cycle. Much of the data needed to feed these workflow processes can be shared between Service Companies and E&P companies during the planning and execution phases of the wellbore construction process. The "right time" seamless flow of this data between operators and service companies will speed and enhance decision-making. There have been a number of solutions tried over the past 20+ years, some more successful than others. The WITSML initiative was started in 2000 to update the existing methods for the 21st century and incorporate the lessons learned from previous initiatives. It is sponsored by both E&P operators and oilfield service companies, aimed at providing an industry-wide solution for transfer of information between service companies and E&P companies. This paper will provide a brief review of the WITSML initiative, its original charter and development effort. It will then explore the current status of development for the standard and its API, discuss the current commercial development and the strategy, which aligns the initiative with POSC for the support and enhancement of WITSML. In addition, the paper will briefly discuss future potential areas of benefit for E&P companies, such as WITSML use in the Production Phase of the E&P life cycle. Introduction The aim of the WITSML (Wellsite Information Transfer Standard Markup Language) project is to provide an improved oil industry standard to enable the service company on the wellsite to seamlessly exchange data with the software system in the oil company office, regardless of it's origin, during wellbore construction, planning and execution phases. This paper describes the scope, history and status of the project, which in Phase 1 has been jointly sponsored by BP and Statoil in cooperation with Baker Hughes, Halliburton/Landmark, and Schlumberger/GeoQuest and NPSi. The WITSML standard will facilitate improved "right time" collaboration between Operator asset teams and the Service Companies. In 2002, the introduction of commercial WITSML enabled applications means that we now have access to a much richer set of data from a variety of Service Companies at the well site. Phase 1 of the WITSML project has been focused on the movement of data from the wellsite during the wellbore construction process. WITSML evolved during this process from simply an XML schema to a functional implementation of Web Services for drilling data. Later phases will continue to improve this area and will expand the scope to include data from the completion and workover processes. Overview E&P companies are now putting more focus on collaborative asset teamwork to speed and improve the decision-making involved with developing oil and gas fields. To facilitate such collaboration, E&P companies are adopting shared, integrated information technology (IT) to enable multi-disciplinary teams to engage in improved workflow processes across all phases of the oil field life cycle. Much of the data needed to feed these workflow processes can be shared between Service Companies and E&P Companies during the planning and execution phases of the wellbore construction process. For this to become viable, a new data exchange standard needed to be defined and adopted by the oil and gas industry. McGinley2 states that the industry needs a new data definition standard that will allow the efficient transfer of large data sets. The goal of the WITSML project is to define, document, and promote the implementation of such a standard.
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