This paper focuses on axially loaded, large-scale rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns confined with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping. Experimental tests are conducted to obtain the stress-strain response and ultimate load for three field size columns having different aspect ratios and/or corner radii. Effective transverse FRP failure strain and the effect of increasing confining action on the stress-strain behavior are examined. Existing strength models, the majority of which were developed for small-scale specimens, are applied to predict the structural response. Since some of them fail to adequately characterize the test data and others are complex and require significant calculation, a simple design-oriented model is developed. The new model is based on the confinement effectiveness coefficient, an aspect ratio coefficient, and a corner radius coefficient. It accurately predicts the axial ultimate strength of the large-scale columns at hand and, when applied to the small-scale columns studied by other investigators, produces reasonable results.
Scheme INet Reaction oL* HgO above, a scheme can be constructed, which relates the observed products by reactions with oxygen (Scheme I). Tertrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone, with a positive reduction potential, forms complexes with both V and Mo which are free of oxo ligands and are relatively inert to further oxidation by 02. The reaction between Mo(CO)6 and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-l,2-benzoquinone carried out in toluene with careful exclusion of oxygen gave Mo(DBCat)3. This product showed two sharp tert-butyl resonances in the proton NMR spectrum at 1.27 and 1.11 ppm, indicating symmetrical equivalence of the three ligands, and a parent ion peak at m/e = 758 in the mass spectrum, indicating a monomeric structure similar to that of Os(DBCat)3.6 The infrared spectrum of the complex is quite similar to that of Mo202(DBCat)4 with the Mo=0 stretching band at 966 cm-1 missing. Upon exposure to trace quantities of oxygen the oxomolybdenum dimer is formed with free benzoquinone: This reaction can be observed by appearance of the four tert-butyl resonances of the dimer at 1.717, 1.097, 1.056, and 1.020 ppm and signals for the benzoquinone at 1.128 and 0.769 ppm. This process is the first step in the reaction sequence described in Scheme I and is quite similar to the chemistry of the related vanadium complex.The second reaction in the scheme, addition of oxygen to Mo202(DBCat)4, has not been observed. The expected product
Learning to Manage Inn vation 9 JOHN BESSm'Z'. SARAH CAFF3.N JOHN GILBERT r .AKS I K-\C I Tethnologzcal zrmor a t m zr zi ~d d l accepted to be u complev leamngprocess through zhzch jrm~ t v to acqzure nnd derelop dzstznctnr tr~l,nologtcal competence But there zs a second dzmenszon to ~u c h learnzng rihzch relates to the zea_v~ zn u hzrh the z~zno~~atzon process zs managed, u h c h a l~o zntoltes a detelopmental, cumulatz~e p~ogres, l o t alljitn~s Izu~e the same letel of skzll zn managzng prqects, zn undeistandzng urer needs, z r~ search hehazlciu~. rr1 managzng znter$m relatzonshlp~. etc , these ale all ahzlztzes uhzch ale I~arned ore? tzm. T h~s pgpe? rerzeus t h concept of capabzl~g detelopment as zt appher to the management of technologztal ~n m a t z o n It zlluct~ates thzs zzth the example of ~ontznuous zmproternent (Co--a kc) capabzlz~ ,i hzch z , (1\ \mated wzth hzgh lerels of znr olz ement zn the zntzotatzon process th~ozgh the (ontrzbut~on of repla/ zttr~rmental zmptotentent zdear from a large ploportzon ofthe uorkfotce CI ZJ a ~zmple concept hzit 2\ pn L mng zrg d@cult to znlplenzent successful^ m practzce, arguabb, thzs ZJ be~ause ~t zn~olres t vten.u( r itarrlmg and adaptatzon In exploring thzs zsme the paper d
r a m upon the remlt~ o f a 53ear trnpz~zrtii ,[lid) mto the adoptzon and zmplementatzon of CI uzthznEuropean cnte7pnses The paper con1 lude, u 2th \ome coments on the p~ocess of Yearnzng to learn ' and a~q r s that managzrzg thzs procerr rr a k g ronq~onmt of strategc techno lo^ management.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.