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Quantification of benefits and harms of medical interventions should be based on high-quality evidence, which is not always the case in the endometriosis field. In many clinical circumstances, healthcare decisions in women with endometriosis are taken based on suboptimal evidence or on evidence of coexistence of benefits and harms that must be balanced. In these conditions, it is important to avoid or reduce the use of low-value care, i.e. interventions with defined harms and uncertain benefits, or whose effectiveness is comparable with less expensive alternatives. In particular, we suggest that: (i) non-surgical diagnosis based on symptoms, physical findings and transvaginal ultrasonography is possible in most women with symptomatic endometriosis. Thus, except in doubtful cases, laparoscopy should be intended for surgical treatment, not for diagnostic purposes: early diagnosis and diagnostic laparoscopy are not synonymous; (ii) future trials on new drugs for endometriosis should address those outcomes that are most important to patients, should be designed as superiority trials and should include a progestin or an estrogen-progestin as a comparator. Moreover, limitation of repetitive surgery for recurrent endometriosis is among the objectives of long-term medical treatment; (iii) indications for surgery should be the result of a balance between demonstrated benefits in terms of fertility enhancement and pain relief, specific risks associated with excision of different types of endometriotic lesions, cost-effectiveness and patient preference after detailed information; (iv) physicians, health professionals and policy makers should discriminate between screening for and diagnosis of endometriosis. Limited peritoneal foci, which are frequently observed also in asymptomatic women, regress or remain stable in about two thirds of cases. Therefore, the theoretical premises for a screening campaign are currently unclear; (v) physicians should develop the ability to effectively communicate quantitative information based on international guidelines and systematic literature reviews. This will assist a woman's understanding of the interaction between the evidence and her priorities, facilitating the transition towards value-based medicine.

The effect of various taurine concentrations in modified Tyrode's medium on in vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes was examined. No significant difference in fertilization rate was found at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM taurine. In a second series of experiments, the effect of taurine on preimplantation embryonic development after fertilization in vitro was studied. At concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM taurine, significantly more two-cell embryos reached the blastocyst stage compared with medium without taurine. Culture in the presence of 5 mM or 10 mM taurine resulted in blastocysts with the highest mean number of cells. The positive effect of taurine on embryonic development was found to be more pronounced both in a second medium (human tubal fluid medium) which has a higher potassium concentration than Tyrode's medium, and in a modified Tyrode's medium with an increased potassium concentration. In addition to these in vitro studies, it is reported that taurine comprised about 59% of the total free amino acid content in mouse oviduct flushings, compared with 17% in mouse serum.

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