Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag wird über die faktorielle und psychometrische Prüfung eines revidierten Fragebogens (SSKJ 3-8) zur Erfassung von Stressbewältigung im Kindes- und Jugendalter berichtet. Aspekte der Stressbewältigung werden mit fünf Subskalen erfasst (Suche nach sozialer Unterstützung, problemorientierte Bewältigung, vermeidende Bewältigung, konstruktiv-palliative Emotionsregulation und destruktiv-ärgerbezogene Emotionsregulation). Die Studien beruhen auf einer Gesamtstichprobe von insgesamt 1991 Kindern und Jugendlichen der Klassenstufen 3 bis 8. Die Ergebnisse zeigen gute bis befriedigende Reliabilitäten (interne Konsistenzen, Retest). Die Skalenstruktur konnte mit Hilfe von exploratorischen und konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen bestätigt werden. Zahlreiche Hinweise auf die Validität konnten durch Korrelationen mit Außenkriterien (Stressbewältigungs-, Persönlichkeits-, gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualitätsvariablen) ermittelt werden.
Psychological variables such as self-efficacy, stress, and coping have proven their predictive power on health protective and health risk behaviour in adolescence and adulthood. Furthermore, health-related behaviour at early stages of development is seen as an important factor in determining health-related behaviour at later stages of development. Consequently, research on psychological variables predicting health-related behaviours at early stages of development should be an important topic with regard to health promotion and disease prevention, although this is still a neglected research area. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to analyse the importance of psychological variables in predicting health-risky and health protective behaviour in elementary school children. The study sample consisted of 345 fourth-graders (193 girls and 152 boys) with a mean age of 10.1 and 10.0 years, respectively, assessed three times within 1 year. The results showed that negative health-related behaviour is primarily influenced by stress experiences and maladaptive coping. Self-efficacy provides additional effects in girls. For positive health-related behaviour, self-efficacy is the dominant predictor in both girls and boys. The significance of the results for health-promotion during early developmental stages is discussed.
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