Peer review is almost universally seen as the crux of scientific journal publishing. The role of peer reviewers is (1) to help avoid unnecessary errors in the published article, and (2) to judge publication-worthiness (in the journal that arranges for the review). This happens. Sometimes. But the notion of peer review is rather vague, and since most of it is anonymous, it is very difficult – arguably impossible – for researchers to know if the articles they read have been reliably peer reviewed and which criteria have been used to come to the decision to accept for publication. On top of that, peer review is very expensive. Not the peer review itself, as it is mostly done by researchers without being paid for it, but the process as arranged by publishers. This has several underlying causes, but it is clear that the actual cost of technically publishing an article is but a fraction of the average APC (Article Processing Charge) income or per-article subscription revenues publishers routinely realize. Some (e.g. Richard Smith, ex-Editor of the British Medical Journal) advocate abolishing peer review altogether. This is certainly not without merit, but even without abolishing it, there are ways to make peer review more reliable and transparent, and much cheaper to the scientific community.
*At the time of publishing. Now an independent open access publishing consultant.
Full and unimpeded access (Open Access) to science literature is needed. It is not provided by the traditional subscription-based publishing model. Instead of criticizing Open Access and attacking its proponents, traditional publishers should make imaginative and innovative efforts to build their businesses around the needs of their customers rather than around their desire to continue a model that may be lucrative, but that is no longer satisfactory to science or society. Serials Review 2004; 30:308-309. D
This collection of articles on the topic of nanopublications (single, attributable and machine-readable assertions in scientific literature) is very much the beginning of a collection that will eventually be one consisting of peer-reviewed articles, working papers, preprints, blogposts, posters, and perhaps more types of relevant information. It is meant to be a collection of open access resources only; articles on the topic of nanopublication of which the full text is not openly accessible (somewhat incredibly, they do exist!), are not included. For some of the articles and blogposts that will be included, but are not yet, I am already able to give the titles and links here (eventually I hope they will all be moved to the main collection): Jodi Schneider, Mathias Brochhausen, Samuel Rosko, Paolo Ciccarese, William R. Hogan, Daniel Malone, Yifan Ning, Tim Clark, and Richard D. Boyce. Formalizing knowledge and evidence about potential drug-drug interactions. Patrick Golden , Ryan Shaw. Nanopublication beyond the Sciences. Henry Rzepa. Single Figure (nano)publications, reddit AMAs and other new approaches to research reporting. Roderic D. M. Page. Nanopublications and annotation: a role for the Biodiversity Data Journal? Long Do, William Mobley. Single Figure Publications: Towards a novel alternative format for scholarly communication. Dalmeet Singh Chawla. Speeding up scholarly communication for rapid sharing. Gianmaria Silvello. A Methodology for Citing Linked Open Data Subsets. Laura Slaughter, Christopher Friis Berntsen, Linn Brandt, Chris Mavergames. Enabling Living Systematic Reviews and Clinical Guidelines through Semantic Technologies. Michael Piotrowski. Early Modern European Peace Treaties Online. (Peace treaties as nanopublications). Patrick Golden and Ryan Shaw. Period assertion as nanopublication. Núria Queralt-Rosinach, Tobias Kuhn, Christine Chichester, Michel Dumontier, Ferran Sanz, Laura I. Furlong. Publishing DisGeNET as Nanopublications. Evan W. Patton and Deborah L. McGuinness. Connecting Science Data Using Semantics and Information Extraction. James P. McCusker, Rui Yan, Kusum Solanki, John Erickson, Cynthia Chang, Michel Dumontier, Jonathan S. Dordick, Deborah L. McGuinness, Deborah L. A Nanopublication Framework for Biological Networks using Cytoscape.js. Christine Chichester, Pascale Gaudet, Oliver Karch, Paul Groth, Lydie Lane, Amos Bairoch, Barend Mons, Antonis Loizou. Querying neXtProt nanopublications and their value for insights on sequence variants and tissue expression. James P. McCusker, Timothy Lebo, Michael Krauthammer, and Deborah L. McGuinness. Next Generation Cancer Data Discovery, Access, and Integration Using Prizms and Nanopublications. Pedro Lopes, Pedro Sernadela, José Luís Oliveira. Exploring nanopublishing with COEUS. Stefan Heßbrüggen-Walter. Tatsachen im semantischen Web: Nanopublikationen in den digitalen Geisteswissenschaften? (in German) Andrew Gibson, Jesse C.J. van Dam, Erik A. Schultes, Marco Roos, and Barend Mons. Towards Computational Evaluation of Evidence for Scientific Assertions with Nanopublications and Cardinal Assertions. Núria Queralt-Rosinach and Laura I. Furlong. DisGeNET: from MySQL to Nanopublication, Modelling Gene-Disease Associations for the Semantic Web. Leyla Jael García, Olga Giraldo, Alexander García. Using annotations to model discourse: an extension to the Annotation Ontology. Tobias Kuhn and Michael Krauthammer. Representing Biomedical Claims with Underspecified Statements in Nanopublications. Poster. Adam Sofronijević and Aleksandra Pavlović. Applicability of the Nano-publication Concept for Fostering Open Access in Developing and Transition Countries. Mark Thompson and Erik Schultes. Using Nanopublications to Incentivize the Semantic Exposure of Life Science Information. Amanda Clare, Samuel Croset, Christoph Grabmueller, Senay Kafkas, Maria Liakata, Anika Oellrich, Dietrich Rebholz-Schuhmann. Exploring the Generation and Integration of Publishable Scientific Facts Using the Concept of Nano-publications. Paul Groth, Andrew Gibson, and Jan Velterop. The anatomy of a nanopublication. Jan Velterop. Nanopublications: The future of coping with information overload. Barend Mons and Jan Velterop. Nano-Publication in the e-science era.
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