Recibido 2/5/2018. Revisado y aprobado para publicación 15/6/2018 Para citar este artículo: Laura MIJARES MOLINA y Johanna Martine LEMS (2018), "Luchando contra la subalternidad: las reivindicaciones de la población musulmana en Madrid" en Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, 24, 109-128.Para acceder a este artículo: https://doi.org/10.15366/reim2018.24.007
ResumenEn el contexto actual de islamofobia generalizada y proliferación de organizaciones de lucha contra la misma, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la predisposición de las personas musulmanas a participar en algún tipo de iniciativa común centrada o no en la lucha contra la discriminación. El objetivo es averiguar si existe entre la población musulmana de Madrid una conciencia colectiva subalterna basada en la musulmaneidad que articule cualquier expresión de reivindicaciones organizadas o no colectivamente. Mediante la aplicación del modelo del estatus de Fraser (2000) y a partir del material de seis grupos de discusión celebrados en octubre 2016, en este artículo analizamos la naturaleza de dichas reivindicaciones.
Palabras clave: islamofobia, subalternidad, reivindicaciones, reconocimiento, redistribución
AbstractIn the current context of generalized Islamophobia and the proliferation of anti-discrimination organizations, this article aims to analyze the willingness of Muslims to participate in some kind of common initiative, focused or not on the fight against discrimination. The objective is to find out if 1 Contratada predoctoral del programa del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU 2015/01243).
The process of accommodation of Islam in Spain is based on the Constitution of 1978, which guarantees the freedom of religion. Regarding Islam, the Cooperation Agreement signed in 1992 between the State and the Islamic Commission of Spain brought with it a formal recognition of the practice of the Islamic faith. Thirty years later, the sole interlocutor appointed by the State seems to be ineffective in the pursuance of compliance with Islamic religious rights. In various regions other actors have engaged in claims-making for rights that include, among others, the access to cemetery space for Islamic burials and Islamic religious education and halal food in publicly funded schools. This paper explores the governance of Islam and Muslims in Spain by presenting a case in which a number of grassroots organizations in the northern region of La Rioja have combined their efforts to achieve compliance with the religious rights they were granted decades ago. Through claims-making outside the institutionalized structure of interlocution with the State, they are contesting the external and internal top-down governance of Islam in Spain. Based on empirical data, we analyzed the nature of their claims, the varied ways of responding to specific practices of governance, as well as the spaces in which this claims-making takes place.
The purpose of this special issue is to go beyond the terminological debate on Islamophobia and to focus on the practices, which are involved in, and cause, the construction of subaltern Muslim subjects within the Spanish state. The six articles of this monograph attempt to shed some light on the dynamics and extent of the processes of exclusion through which persons and groups (self-)identified as Muslim are being stigmatized and discriminated against in a structural manner, as a result of different kinds of institutionalized Islamophobia.
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