; on behalf of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Brain Tumor Group (BTG) Central Nervous System (CNS) Metastases Committee and the EORTC BTG Imaging Committee
In conclusion, DCE and ASL perfusion are complementary in the differentiation of gliomas. The discrimination of low- and high-grade gliomas is possible by the DCE perfusion parameter Ve, while ASL perfusion shows potential for the differentiation of the IDH and ATRX mutation status of gliomas following the new WHO classification 2016. Both perfusion techniques might represent different aspects of brain tumor perfusion.
The purpose of this study is to assess the diagnostic performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for in vivo molecular profiling of human glioma. Normalized mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) metrics from DKI were assessed in 50 patients with histopathologically confirmed glioma. The results were compared in regard to the WHO-based histological findings and molecular characteristics leading to integrated diagnosis (Haarlem Consensus): isocitrate-dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) mutation status, alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) expression, chromosome 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. MK was significantly lower in tumors with IDH1/2 mutation (0.43 ± 0.09) and ATRX loss of expression (0.41 ± 0.11) than in those with IDH1/2 wild type (0.57 ± 0.09, p < 0.001) and ATRX maintained expression (0.51 ± 0.10, p = 0.004), respectively. Regarding the integrated molecular diagnosis, MK was significantly higher in primary glioblastoma (0.57 ± 0.10) than in astrocytoma (0.39 ± 0.11, p < 0.001) and oligodendroglioma (0.47 ± 0.05, p = 0.003). MK may be used to provide insight into the human glioma molecular profile regarding IDH1/2 mutation status and ATRX expression. Considering the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these molecular markers, MK appears to be a promising in vivo biomarker for glioma. The diagnostic performance of MK seems to fit more with the integrated molecular approach than the conventional histological findings of the current WHO 2007 classification.
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