Purpose. The effects of situational factors on the suggestibility of preschool children were examined in two experiments which used the Bonn Test of Statement Suggestibility as a dependent measure. This test comprises three subscales which are made up of different question formats: misleading yes‐no questions, wrongly disjunctive alternative questions and question repetitions. The primary purpose of the two studies was to test expectations about different effects of situational and individual factors on these three subscales. Method. In Expt 1, a 2 2 factorial design with stimulus presentation (single vs. repeated reading of the story) and warning (standard condition vs. explicit warning of misleading questions) was used with 92 children aged between 4 and 7 years. Experiment 2 used a one‐factorial design with three conditions (standard, warning and video recording) and a non‐suggestive follow‐up questioning phase; participants were 60 children aged between 5 and 6 years. Results. Both better memory due to repeated presentation and the warning led to a reduction of errors in answers to suggestive questions, with differing patterns of effects for these experimental factors. Video recording did not affect participants' performance. In the non‐suggestive follow‐up interview the children were able to correct most, but not all, of their previous errors. Conclusions. These results show that the three suggestibility scales include cognitive and social‐motivational components. Age‐appropriate instructions, which should include an explicit permission to refuse an answer, are recommended for interviewing young children. Due to these large situational effects and unresolved issues of validity, caution is appropriate in using test scores for single‐case evaluations.
Although there is less continuity of sexual offending in the life course than stereotypes suggest, treatment should lead to a further reduction of reoffending. Contrary to this aim, a recent large British study using propensity score matching (PSM) showed some negative effects of the core sex offender treatment program (SOTP) in prisons. International meta-analyses on the effects of sex offender treatment revealed that there is considerable variety in the results, and methodological aspects and the context play a significant role. Therefore, this study compared different designs in the evaluation of sex offender treatment in German prisons. PSM was compared with an exact matching (EM) by the Static-99 in a sample of 693 sex offenders from Bavarian prisons. Most results were similar for both methods and not significant due to low base rates. There was a treatment effect at p < .05 on general recidivism in the EM and at p = .06 on serious reoffending in the PSM. For sexual recidivism, EM showed a negative trend, whereas PSM suggested the opposite. Overall, the study underlines the need for more replications of evaluations of routine practice, methodological comparisons, sensitive outcome criteria, and differentiated policy information.
In the context of recent research, verbal patterns are seen, together with interpersonal behaviour patterns and linguistic properties, as valid indicators of psychopathy and might be particularly useful when biographical information is lacking.
Violent extremism research is still lacking a sound empirical basis for the validation of assessment instruments. Yet there is a growing need for these instruments to assess the dangerousness of individuals, but also the success of interventions. By analysing prisoner files of one female and 39 male inmates (average age 28.83 years, SD = 7.58) with administratively assigned Islamism-related security labels in Bavarian prisons, we tried to clarify two questions: Firstly, is it possible to collect relevant data from prisoner files drawing on risk assessment procedures? Secondly, how do inmates associated with the Salafist scene (security label “Salafist scene”) differ from those who are apparently involved with terror networks (security label “terror”), and do these differences predict the risk they pose? Our results suggest that files are a valuable, though not perfect data source for individual assessment and research. The two groups defined by the labels differ significantly in their biographies, mental health, and behaviour. Conclusions pertaining to biographical background factors, risk assessment, and management are discussed.
Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Versorgungspraxis und die Einstellungen des medizinischen Personals bezüglich der Behandlung opioidabhängiger Inhaftierter in bayerischen Vollzugsanstalten. Methodik Medizinische Mitarbeitende aus 18 bayerischen Haftanstalten (n=20) wurden im Rahmen teilstrukturierter Leitfadeninterviews zur Substitutionspraxis in den Anstalten und zu ihren Einstellungen hierzu befragt. Ergebnisse In Bezug auf die Behandlungspraxis bei opioidabhängigen Inhaftierten zeigte sich ein gemischtes Bild, ebenso wie bei den Einstellungen des medizinischen Personals. Die Behandlungsentscheidung hängt aus Sicht der Befragten vom Patientenwunsch, von der Schwere und Dauer der Abhängigkeit, von der Strafdauer und von organisatorischen Faktoren ab. Problematisiert wurden insbesondere die Versorgungssituation innerhalb und außerhalb der Haftanstalten und Schwierigkeiten im Übergangsmanagement. Schlussfolgerungen Substitutionstherapie wird mittlerweile in den Haftanstalten als Standard-Behandlungsmethode angesehen, wenn auch deren Nachteile (z. B. Weitergabe des Substituts) problematisiert wurden. Das Abstinenzziel wird zwar von einem Teil der Befragten grundsätzlich positiv bewertet, aber als wenig realistisch eingestuft. Besonderes Augenmerk sollte im Rahmen des Entlassmanagements auf die Kontinuität der gewählten Behandlungsstrategie gelegt werden.
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