Escherichia coli, as most Gram‐negative bacteria, is insensitive to the photosensitizing action of both lipid‐soluble Zinc‐phthalocyanine (Zn‐Pc) and water‐soluble Zinc‐mono/disulfonated phthalocyanine (Zn‐PcS). Photosensitivity can be induced by alteration of the outer membrane, as obtained by either induction of competence or treatment with Tris‐EDTA. Both phthalocyanines largely bind at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane; however, Zn‐PcS shows a superior photosensitizing activity as compared with Zn‐Pc. Biochemical analyses performed on irradiated cells suggest that the cytoplasmic membrane is an important target of the photoprocess, while DNA is not involved.

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The possible role of prostaglandins in the mediation and/or modulation of the urethral response to vesical distension was investigated in female dogs. Three criteria for the possible involvement of these mediators have been investigated. Indomethacin could block the reduction of urethral resistance observed during vesical distension. Intra-arterial infusion of exogenous prostaglandin E2 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the urethral resistance to flow. Moreover, a significant release of prostaglandin E2 in the venous blood during the course of vesical distension could be demonstrated. The functional significance, mechanisms of release and mode of action of these highly active lipids are discussed.

Pyroles, indole, imidazole, and a pyrazole were treated with 3,4-dibromobenzenesulfonyl chloride to form 3,4-dibromobenzenesulfonamides. The l-(3,4-dibromophenylsulfonyl)pyrrole and I -(3,4-dibromophenylsullonyl)indole were stable to CUCN iu DMF to produce l{3,4-dioyanophenylsulfonyl)pynole and l-(3.4-dicyanophenylsulfbnyl)indole, which upon treatment rvith ammonia in 2-N,,V-dimethylaminoethanol gave the protected phthalocyanine-2,9,16,23-tetrasulfonamides. Base cleavage of these sulfonamides yielded the free acids. A mixed conclensation of 4,5-diheptylphthalonitrile and 1-(3,4-dicyanophenylsulfonyl)pynole gave 9,10,16.17,23,24-hexakis(1-heptyl)-2-(lpyrrolylsulfonyl)phthalocyanine. Cleavage of the latter yielded the lithium salt of the monosulfonic acid.Ke"v words: sulfonic acid blocking groups, phthalocyanine sulfonic acids, l-(3,4-dicyanophenylsulfonyl)pynole, I -(3,4-dicyanophenyl sulfonyl)indole. 2). Although phthalocyanine -2,9,1 6,23 -tetr asulfonic acid is commercially available as a mixtufe of isomers, it has been shown that phthalocyanine-2-sulfonic acid ard plrthalocyanine-2,9-disulfonic acid are more effective for direct cell kill (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)

Pyroles, indole, imidazole, and a pyrazole were treated with 3,4-dibromobenzenesulfonyl chloride to form 3,4-dibromobenzenesulfonamides. The l-(3,4-dibromophenylsulfonyl)pyrrole and I -(3,4-dibromophenylsullonyl)indole were stable to CUCN iu DMF to produce l{3,4-dioyanophenylsulfonyl)pynole and l-(3.4-dicyanophenylsulfbnyl)indole, which upon treatment rvith ammonia in 2-N,,V-dimethylaminoethanol gave the protected phthalocyanine-2,9,16,23-tetrasulfonamides. Base cleavage of these sulfonamides yielded the free acids. A mixed conclensation of 4,5-diheptylphthalonitrile and 1-(3,4-dicyanophenylsulfonyl)pynole gave 9,10,16.17,23,24-hexakis(1-heptyl)-2-(lpyrrolylsulfonyl)phthalocyanine. Cleavage of the latter yielded the lithium salt of the monosulfonic acid.Ke"v words: sulfonic acid blocking groups, phthalocyanine sulfonic acids, l-(3,4-dicyanophenylsulfonyl)pynole, I -(3,4-dicyanophenyl sulfonyl)indole. 2). Although phthalocyanine -2,9,1 6,23 -tetr asulfonic acid is commercially available as a mixtufe of isomers, it has been shown that phthalocyanine-2-sulfonic acid ard plrthalocyanine-2,9-disulfonic acid are more effective for direct cell kill (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)