Sustainable development is a concept that has been maturing since its promulgation in Brundtland in 1987. Following a complex systems-based reflection that involves system dynamics, dynamical systems and viability theory, is proposed that sustainability is an emerging expression of the landscape, whose emergence results from the socio-ecological interactions of the landscape, so its analysis must be of a type systemic, incorporating the temporal transformation of all landscapes aspects, and not only portions of them, in addition, in this paper is explained that sustainability does not exist as a single state, but that there are sustainabilities and that, although its analysis is specific space, it should allow comparison with higher and lower spatial scales. In this way, a methodological approach is made from dynamical systems theory for sustainability landscape analysis. This perspective not only allows to recognize the trend behavior of a socio-ecological system in the landscape establishing its sustainability, but it is also oriented to decision-making, so, the management of sustainability indicators should not be done as if in the landscape were disconnected, causing possible deterioration of other indicators during the management, but through sustainability principles defined as indicators set satisfying constraints. In this way, the perspective from the dynamical systems theory allows the recognition of sustainability and guides on the decision making in the landscape.
recrean diversos escenarios que permiten al estudiante tener una percepción sistémica del mundo real y visualizar su dinámica. Dado que el medio ambiente es un sistema complejo, la utilización de la Dinámica de Sistemas favorece la identificación de relaciones no lineales entre los atributos ambientales, la modelización y la extensión a otras técnicas de comprensión como lo es la teoría matemática de los sistemas dinámicos, favoreciendo así la inclusión de lo ambiental de forma transversal en el currículo, pero además, permitiendo la apropiación de elementos indispensables en el ejercicio profesional de un ingeniero. De este modo, presentamos tres ejemplos de trabajos con Dinámica de Sistemas que se pueden implementar con estudiantes de ingeniería para introducir conceptos ambientales, que fueron desarrollados en la línea de
This paper presents a model for the evaluation of strategies in the management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Waste represents a risk to public health and the environment, the dangerous type compounds that constitute them and the increase of their generation. In Colombia, there is a law of 1672 guidelines for the adoption of a policy that improves the management of WEEE. This Law proposes public management objectives, of which in this article three of them were evaluated (Reduction in generation, incentive to use, promote integrated participation). For this evaluation, a model was built using the Dynamics of Systems methodology, which allowed the establishment of the socio-environmental system structure for the generation and management of WEEE. Likewise, the evaluation scenarios were defined, the first is the initial or natural state that corresponds to the system without any strategy and the second is the system with the implementation of the strategies, which were divided into two groups. One is Economic Circular Strategies, Environmental Education and Job Promotion, and the other group contains the producer's extended liability strategies, citizenship incentives and the collection rate. Model simulations and scenario comparisons showed that the first group of strategies decreased in the generation rate of WEEE. Likewise, they allowed a second group of strategies on disposition rate. Likewise, the proposed model for the management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment is useful for the evaluation of waste management strategies in different scenarios.Keywords: waste; modeling; system dynamics; public management.Evaluación de estrategias para la gestión integral de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos ResumenEste artículo presenta un modelo para la evaluación de estrategias en la gestión de Residuos de Aparatos Eléctricos y Electrónicos (RAEE). Estos residuos representan un riesgo para la salud pública y para el medio ambiente, por los compuestos de tipo peligroso que los constituyen y el aumento de su generación. En Colombia existe desde 2013 la ley 1672 lineamientos para la adopción de una política que mejore la gestión de los RAEE. Esta Ley propone objetivos gestión pública, de los cuales en este artículo se evaluaron tres de ellos (Reducción en la generación, incentivo al aprovechamiento, promover la participación integrada). Para esta evaluación, se construyó un modelo utilizando la metodología de Dinámica de Sistemas, la cual permitió establecer la estructura del sistema socio-ambiental de generación y manejo de los RAEE. Así mismo, fueron definidos dos escenarios de evaluación, el primero es el estado inicial o natural que corresponde al sistema sin ninguna estrategia y el segundo es el sistema con la implementación de las estrategias, las cuales se dividieron en dos grupos. Uno es Estrategias de economía circular, educación ambiental y fomento de empleo, y el otro grupo contiene las estrategias de responsabilidad extendida del productor, estímulos de la ciu...
Different industrial sectors are assuming measures to mitigate their greenhouse gas emissions, facing the imminent materialization of climate change effects. In the transport sector, one of the measures involves the change in energy source of vehicles, leading to a transition from vehicles powered by fossil fuels (conventional) to electric. Nevertheless, electric vehicles have different drivers that promote their purchases. This work only considers the informed buyers’ interest in making their decisions using environmental criteria. However, these technologies have a series of impacts, including the generation of hazardous waste such as used batteries, which leads consumers to question the environmental impacts generated by conventional and electric vehicles; consequently, it is uncertain which prospective scenarios will dominate in various nations and what will promote them. Therefore, the proposed model is studied as a dynamical system, with bifurcations of codimension 2, which means that it is possible to represent all possible prospective scenarios of this configuration through a bifurcation diagram. In this way, the analysis allows us to find that four families of technological transitions (trajectories that qualitatively can be identified as being of the same behavior class) emerge from the relationships established in the system, showing similarities to the different transition situations recognized on the planet. This model is an attractive tool to classify automobiles’ technological transitions, despite having no other criteria. In fact, although decarbonization is an urgent quest in the transport sector, there are still too many challenges to guarantee environmentally friendly technologies.
This article builds and evaluates a business sustainability model for a manufacturing industry in which indicators of sustainable development are incorporated. The construction and analysis of the model is based on the system dynamics methodology. This methodology begins with the characterization of business sustainability and its indicators, models and applied methodologies are then reviewed, the production process of the analyzed company described, and the model is finally elaborated integrating the environmental, economic and social dimensions. The simulations of the model showed that the inventory of finished products accumulates over time and that the incorporation of energy saving technology is one that has a more effective impact on consumption, and the proportion of waste generated grows as the production order’s size increases. Finally, it is concluded that the designed model is useful for the evaluation of strategies and the definition of sustainability actions.
A mathematical model for international integration of national energy markets was proposed by references. Lowering the dimension conveniently to 3 dimensions using system dynamics methodology, the dynamical system obtained could present a commutation region proposing that the system is a piecewise smooth system PWS with local bifurcations: Saddle-node and transcritical bifurcations. The bifurcation diagram is interpreted as a map of all possible system prospective scenarios, in this sense, the making decisions over systems have leverage points in its bifurcation parameters. In the national energy markets case, the bifurcations parameters depend on the generation lifetime and the investments rate, then two trend scenarios were defined: the absolute disappearance of the national supply of electricity or convergency at an equilibrium value of the national supply with which it is possible to serve the market. It is concluded that any investment and small useful life of the generation plants is not enough for attending the national electricity demand in the medium and long term.
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