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Peat fire and the consequent degradation of peatland have had significant negative environmental and economic consequences at national and global levels. A green economy transition path is seen as a socioeconomic solution to address peat degradation. Swamp agriculture, better known as paludiculture, is a green economy action holding promise. However, little knowledge exists on the socioeconomic outcomes of this option, vis à vis conventional development. This research is the first attempt to quantify the implications of a green economy strategy to the management of peatland, in a province where 30% of the land is peat. The research uses the system dynamics methodology to create a customized green economy assessment model, named the Central Kalimantan Green Economy model (KT-GEM). The model is used to assess how three different development scenarios perform against social, economic, and environmental indicators. The analysis shows that the business as usual (BAU) scenario leads to the highest profitability. On the other hand, positive economic performance is countered by unsustainable social and environmental outcomes. The paludiculture scenario instead curbs peat fires and externalities (e.g., cost of health) and results in the most sustainable societal outcome.

Wildfires on peat lands in Indonesia have been a major cause of globalGHG emissions and has had an irreversible impact on the health of millions, in 2020, the goi decided to introduce the so-called fire protection association or so called’s which is seen globally as best practice in terms of integrated fire management governance and in Indonesian named clusters. In 2020., a pilot involving three districts in fire prone landscapes introducing fire protection associations was commenced to understand if FPA could be employed in the Indonesian context could deliver similar results, the results and developed approach lead to a decline in fire incidence in the target districts as opposed to the district in the province. Hence the cluster approach indeed proved by better alignment of private and public fire capacity in addition to improved early warning capacity. The results underline that the necessary processes that are gender sensitive and socially inclusive can be adapted to all jurisdictional levels and enable effective collaboration of relevant government agencies. Cluster maintains the core principles of fire protection associations and integrated fire management, in line with international best practices in disaster risk reduction. Furthermore, Changes allow for improved local livelihoods of communities depending on peat lands, as hydrological restoration and reafforestation enables local communities to again rely on swamps for their livelihoods.

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