In Portuguese, different strategies for dealing with tune-text accommodation have been reported. However, no systematic research has been conducted exploring crucial cases of complex nuclear melodies realized in nuclear words with final stress, as in yes-no questions. Based on reading and semispontaneous data from ten regions in Brazil and eleven regions in Portugal, this study reveals that Brazilian and European Portuguese globally differ with respect to the strategies implemented: in Brazilian Portuguese, the text is preserved and the melody is changed (mostly by means of tonal truncation); in European Portuguese, the melody is preserved and the text is changed through various strategies, including schwa epenthesis. Faithfulness to the text or to the tune is thus a relevant dimension of variation both across and within languages, and text changes (through vowel lengthening, vowel split, vowel epenthesis, or blocking of vowel deletion) are crucial means to support tune realization that have recently been found in unrelated languages.
In this paper we present a phonological analysis of the nuclear contour of declarative and interrogative utterances in Brazilian Portuguese, as spoken in 7 regions, along the Atlantic Coast -Paraíba, Sergipe, Bahia (North); Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro (Center), Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (South). Declaratives present a falling contour, with phonetic differences across varieties. As for interrogatives, more variation was found. Namely, two types of nuclear contours were observed: a rising contour in the North and a rising-falling in the Center-South. Unlike declaratives, the two interrogative patterns display a phonological continuum, in which the Center-Southern pattern spreads towards the North.Keywords: intonation, declarative, yes-no question, intonational variation, Brazilian Portuguese.Palavras-chave: declarativas, interrogativas totais, variação entoacional, Português do Brasil 1. IntroduçãoAs diferenças fonológicas entre declarativas e interrogativas totais são objeto de extensiva análise no Português (Frota, 2000(Frota, , 2002. Duas razões explicam o especial interesse nesse estudo: o isomorfismo sintático existente entre os dois tipos frásicos e variação desencadeada nos dois tipos frásicos. É reportado na literatura que as declarativas e, em maior escala, as interrogativas sofrem variação geográfica no Português e em muitas outras línguas como no Italiano e no Inglês (Grabe, 2004;Savino, 2012;Frota et al., 2015). Desse modo, é esperado que diferentes estratégias fonológicas sejam utilizadas entre as regiões para opor os dois tipos frásicos. O objetivo do presente artigo é propor uma análise fonológica do contorno nuclear em enunciados declarativos e interrogativos, tendo em conta o mapeamento de 7 variedades do Português do Brasil (PB) ao longo da Costa Atlântica: Paraíba, Sergipe, Bahia (Norte), Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro (Centro), Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul (Sul).Muitas discussões têm surgido acerca da abordagem da variação linguística dentro dos estudos formais. Conhecer um dado sistema linguístico implica em analisá-lo consoante as variações que esse sistema abrange ao longo de sua extensão territorial, não se restringindo às propriedades da variedade padrão (Barbies, 2009). A consideração das diversidades no sistema motivadas pelo espaço euclidiano (aspectos geográficos que unem ou separam populações) bem como pelo espaço social (a manipulação do espaço mediada pelas ações humanas) conduzem a um entendimento mais completo da gramática em estudo (Britain, 2007). Nesse sentido, as variedades do PB apresentam em suas marcas a herança do contato entre o Português e línguas
The main goal of this paper is to provide a phonological analysis of neutral yes-no questions in Brazilian Portuguese in seven varieties (Paraíba, Sergipe, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), most of them along the Atlantic Coast. The analysis followed the autosegmental-metrical framework (Ladd, 2008), and the P-ToBI system for intonational labeling (Frota et al. 2015a). The distribution of the nuclear contour indicates a geographical continuum, where a rising contour is found in the North and a rising-falling contour in the Center-Southern regions.
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