Objective. Recent studies on the association between uridine diphosphosglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 2B17 polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) showed inconclusive results. To clarify this possible association, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies. Methods. We searched the published literature from PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). According to our inclusion criteria, studies that observed the association between UGT2B17 polymorphism and PCa risk were included. The principal outcome measure was the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of PCa associated with UGT2B17 polymorphism. Results. A total of 6 studies with 7,029 subjects (3,839 cases and 3,190 controls) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Overall, there was a significant association between UGT2B17 polymorphism and increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.14–2.64, P < 0.001). Similar results were found in the subgroup analyses by ethnicity and types of controls. Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrates that UGT2B17 polymorphism is associated with prostate cancer susceptibility, and it contributes to the increased risk of prostate cancer.

Healthcare waste is a major public health hazard in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess healthcare waste management (HCWM) system currently employed in selected healthcare facilities (HCFs) in Madagascar.Data was collected through a questionnaire and field visit in 2009. Seventeen HCFs were randomly selected from seventy six HCFs whose staff had undergone HCWM in 2006. The quantity of infectious waste generated per day at the HCFs was in proportion to the number beds (r= 0.838 and p<0.05). Non-sharps infectious waste was positively correlated with sharps (r=0.709, p=0.001). The availability of waste management plan was reported in 52.9% while the implementation of color coding system for waste segregation was reported in 76.5% HCFs. Waste segregation was reported by majority of HCFs (82%). Moreover, the most common disposal method was Montfort incinerator (65%). In general, there was improved HCWM system in HCFs surveyed, although certain HCFs still had poor management due to inadequate infrastructure and equipment for segregation, collection, transport, and disposal of medical waste (MW) as well as poor waste generation records. Interventions strategies should include adherence to national regulatory framework, periodic training and sensitization of healthcare worker and increased allocation of resources for HCWM.

Purpose:To determine the outcome of trabeculectomy in African countries. Design: This is a review of literature for trabeculectomy conducted in Africa from 2000 to December 2012. Methods: We conducted an electronic search from the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Google, and Google scholar websites for the articles of original studies on trabeculectomy conducted in Africa. Results: A total of 109 articles, published from 2000 to December 2012 were retrieved. Only 12 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The follow-up duration ranged from 6 months to 60 months. The post-trabeculectomy IOP range was 10 mmHg to 22 mmHg with rates varying from 61.8% to 90%. The visual acuity was unchanged among 19% to 30% of the participants in the last follow-up, and the improvement rate was 36% to 81.5% while those whose condition worsened ranged from 8.9% to 30.8%. The cup-disc ratio was ≤0.5 in 13% and ≥0.8 in 83% of the participants. The failure rate of the c/d ratio was 0.9 and it increased by 0.027 units. There was a follow-up of only one study on the visual field. Conclusion: Trabeculectomy with or without application of antimetabolite appears to be a good way to lowering the IOP in Africa. In addition, the combined effect of trabeculectomy and cataract surgery produces visual benefits for the patients. c/d ratio = cup-disc ratio; IOP = intraocular pressure; VA = visual acuity; 5FU = 5 fluorouracil; MMC = mitomycin C; POAG = primary open angle glaucoma; NTG = normal tension glaucoma. 82 participants. Outcome of the cup-disc (c/d) ratio and the visual field post-operative. The follow-up of the c/d was only found in 3 studies. In these cases, the c/d ratio was ≤0.5 in 13% and ≥0.8 in 83%. There was a failure on the c/d ratio of 0.9 and this increased by 0.027 units [23]. And for the visual field, there was a follow-up for only one study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT) for non-glaucomatous and glaucomatous subjects in Sub-Saharan Africans (SSA)

Objective: Recent studies on the association between Uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl tranferases (UGT) 2B17 status and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) showed inconclusive results. To clarify this possible association, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies. Methods: We searched published literature from PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). According to our inclusion criteria, studies that observed the association between UGT2B17 status and PCa risk were included. The principal outcome measure was the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of PCa associated with UGT2B17 status. Results: A total of 6 studies with 7029 subjects (3839 cases and 3190 controls) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Overall, there was a significant association between UGT2B17 status and increased risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.14 -2.64, P < 0.001). Similar results were found in the subgroup analyses by ethnicity and types of controls. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that UGT2B17 status is associated with prostate cancer susceptibility, and it contributes to increased risk of prostate cancer.