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Willingness to Pay Scenario Carbon sequestration and storage Water supply Biodiversity (habitat quality) Aesthetic viewsheds Proximity to open space Recreation Urban growth Loss Loss Loss Gain Gain Loss. Mesquite management Loss Gain Gain Water augmentation Gain. service valuation is useful only if it improves the ability to identify the tradeoffs between alternative management actions facing decisionmakers. From the outset of the project, Gila District and San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area managers and staff were involved with defining the direction of the analysis. Ecosystem Services Analyzed On the basis of stakeholder discussions at the project kickoff meeting held in Tucson, Ariz., in January 2010, broad categories of ecosystem services of interest were identified for the San Pedro River watershed. Participants sought to specify concrete economic benefits and beneficiaries relevant to these broad classes of ecosystem services, as described below for each broad group of services. Ecological "endpoints"-the Management issues Broad Specific Water Water quality. Water quantity. Surface and groundwater flows from Mexico: quality and quantity. Biodiversity Nonnative species. Threatened and endangered species recovery. Preserving biodiversity. Cultural Cultural site protection (for example, Murray Springs Clovis site). Rural character and lifestyle. American Indian treaty and trust responsibilities. International border Undocumented immigrants. Border safety. Recreation Managing recreational demand. Hunting and game management. Multiple-use demand. Ecological process management Soil conservation. Grassland preservation and erosion control. Forage and range provision. Wildfire management. Habitat connectivity and corridors. Growth and change Climate change. Urban growth.

Research on hunger and food security in the Global South and the Global North has often emphasized different factors and scales of analyses. Unlike newer monitoring systems in the Global South, which evolved substantially following critiques by Amartya Sen, US food security research has rarely combined the two dimensions of food availability and food access. Furthermore, this research has paid scant attention to household coping strategies. This study responds to this lacuna in US hunger research by developing a spatial model for predicting risk to food insecurity based on proxy measures for access (three demographic variables) and availability (grocery store density). The study then employs qualitative methodologies (surveys and semi-structured interviews) to understand household coping strategies in two ethnically distinct areas in Minneapolis-Saint Paul at risk to food insecurity. One neighborhood is dominated by Southeast Asian and East African immigrants and the other by AfricanAmericans. This approach should allow for better targeting of food aid and programs that help alleviate food insecurity.

Technologies and practices that reduce the environmental impacts of US agriculture are well documented. Less is known about how best to encourage their adoption. We report on the results of a large randomized controlled trial conducted with nearly 10,000 agricultural producers in the United States. The experiment was embedded in US Department of Agriculture outreach efforts to improve soil conservation practices. USDA varied the content of mailings to test two sets of competing theories about outreach to agricultural producers. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find no evidence that acknowledging the link between climate change and agricultural production discourages conservation action. Furthermore, we find that producers who were invited to a webinar were less likely to take any action to learn more about conservation practices than producers who were not told about the webinar, a result that runs counter to the popular wisdom that offering more options leads to more action.