Retinal thickness measurements obtained from DRI OCT-1 and SD-OCT are different and should be accounted for when comparing results of OCT scans from different devices.

AimsTo examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Asians.MethodsWe analysed data from 4101 adults (Malay, n = 1901 and Indian, n = 2200) who participated in the baseline (2004–2009) and 6-year follow-up (2011–2015) of two independent population-based studies with similar methodology in Singapore. BMI was categorised into normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). DM was diagnosed as random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5% or self-reported physician diagnosed DM. DR was assessed from retinal photographs graded using a standard protocol. The associations of baseline BMI with incident DM and DR was examined using multivariable poisson regression models adjusting for potential confounders including duration of DM, family history of DM and HbA1c.ResultsThe incidence of DM was 12.8% and among 1586 participants with DM, the incidence of DR was 17.6% over a median follow-up period of 6.2 years. Compared to those with BMI < 25, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) of incident DM was 1.77 (1.36–2.29) for overweight and 2.01 (1.50–2.71) for obese (p trend < 0.001). Relative risk of DR was 0.80 (0.59–1.09) for overweight and 0.60 (0.39–0.92) for obese (p trend = 0.02). In analyses stratified by ethnicity, similar pattern of associations with DM and DR were observed in both ethnicities.ConclusionOur results suggest that, overweight and obesity increased the 6-year risk of DM but decreased the 6-year risk of DR in these Asian populations.

Aims: Abnormally short or long durations of sleep have been proposed as a risk factors for diabetes and its micro- and macro-vascular complications. However, the relationship between sleep duration and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has not been well-characterized. Thus, we aimed to examine the association of sleep duration with DKD in two Asian populations.Methods: We included 1,258 persons (Malay, n = 403; Indian, n = 855) aged 40–80 years with diabetes from a population-based cross-sectional sample from Singapore. DKD was defined by low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g, only measured in Indian participants). Self-reported habitual sleep duration was categorized into 4 categories: very short (<5 h), short (5–6.9 h), normal (7–8 h) and long (>8 h). The associations of sleep duration with low eGFR and albuminuria were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for multiple potential confounders (including classic risk factors such as HbA1c and hypertension).Results: In total, 268 (21.3%) participants had low eGFR, and 271 (34.7% in Indians) had albuminuria. The number (%) of individuals with very short, short, normal, and long durations of sleep were 117 (9.3%), 629 (50.0%), 429 (34.1%), and 83 (6.6%), respectively. Long sleep duration was associated with a higher odds of renal insufficiency compared to normal sleep duration (OR [95% CI]: 2.31 [1.27–4.19]) on multivariable analysis. Similarly, both long and very short durations of sleep were associated with higher odds of albuminuria (OR [95%]: 2.44 [1.36, 4.38] and 2.37 [1.25, 4.50], respectively) in Indian participants (where data on albuminuria were available).Conclusions: Our study suggests that abnormally short or long durations of sleep were associated with DKD, manifesting as either a reduced eGFR or increased albuminuria. However, further longitudinal data would be required for confirmation.