Dyre, Warren, and Garness (1996) found that heading performance during active control differed qualitatively from heading performance during passive viewing, though it was unclear exactly why. Our study examined the relationships between field of view, mental workload, and heading perception. We assessed heading performance during active control and passive viewing with a 30° field of view (Dyre et al. used 90°). Subjective mental workload ratings were collected to assess its relationship to active and passive perception of heading. We found results contrary to those of Dyre et al. (1996): heading perception was less accurate during active control than passive viewing and the relationship between simulated velocity and heading performance was reversed. Further, subjective mental workload was higher during active control than during passive viewing. These results suggest that field of view is an important optical variable mediating heading perception during active control.
An airport X-ray Screener Test Battery was developed to better understand how selected aspects of screeners' visual and perceptual capabilities, attentional and verbal processing, work schedule, medication use, work history, training, equipment knowledge, personal style, attitudinal characteristics, and job satisfaction are related to job performance. The Test Battery was administered to 92 X-ray screeners and analyses compared Test Battery performance with X-ray screening job performance. Analyses suggest that important factors related to X-ray screening performance include several aspects of perceptual and attentional processing; screeners' time on the job; screeners' work schedules; and their use of pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter drugs, and dietary supplements. Potential applications of the findings for improving screener performance through personnel selection, training, workforce management, and X-ray equipment design enhancements are discussed. Ongoing research is also outlined.
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