Non-surgical endodontic retreatment is the treatment of choice for endodontically treated teeth with recurrent or residual disease in the majority of cases. In some cases, surgical endodontic treatment is indicated. Successful micro-surgical endodontic treatment depends on the accuracy of diagnosis, appropriate case selection, the quality of the surgical skills, and the application of the most appropriate haemostatic agents and biomaterials. This article describes the armamentarium and technical procedures involved in performing micro-surgical endodontics to a high standard.
Randomised controlled trials of treatment interventions of dental implant surgery and prosthodontics published between 2004 and 2008 are poorly reported and, by themselves, provide little unbiased evidence to support the clinical decisions that we make.
Patients with implant-retained overdentures are likely to present in general dental practice. Practitioners should be aware of issues associated with the design, treatment planning and maintenance of these prostheses.
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