Polyethylene resins are used in a variety of film packaging applications from food wrap to industrial liners and trash bags. Recent environmental concerns raised by the general populous of North America and increased legislation with re gards to the environment have created a demand for degradable packaging materials. At present, there are a number of companies marketing degradable products for use in polyethylene packaging [1]. As a result of this growing demand, numerous questions have been raised on the effect of degradable additives on properties of films manufactured from polyethylene resins. This evaluation focuses on the effect of using three commercially available additives, one biodegradable and two photo degradable, on polyethylene blown film properties Although degradable additives may offer the film manufacturer a degradable prod uct, this evaluation has demonstrated that the type of degradable additive used may significantly affect physical and optical properties. Biodegradable additives appear to significantly impair physical and optical properties While photodegradable additives do not appear to impair film physical properties, a photodegradable additive may im part color changes to natural polyethylene film. Data is presented which will assist the film manufacturer in assessing the effect of degradable additives on film product performance
The benefits of three-layer coextrusion versus a mono-layer blend of the same resins are explored. Good design considerations of the coextruded structure can allow a processor to take advantage of the performance characteristics of the resins and the equipment. These performance characteristics can be compromised in a mono-layer blend of the same materials. Expected benefits of coextrusion can be improved physical properties and reduction in additives required for good processing. These are accomplished by eliminating blends of LDPE and LLDPE, reducing the draw-down ratio and taking advantage of the rheological differences between LDPE and LLDPE.
This report describes techniques for the preparation of simulated environmentally collected samples consisting of small amounts of mixtures of quartz and clay deposited on membrane filters. The amounts correspond to that which would be collected during an 8-hour period in an atmosphere containing quartz below and above TLV concentrations.An improved speetrophotometr ic method for the determination of quartz in environmental samples, developed during the course of the work, is also described.
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