The new minerals klaprothite (IMA2015-087), Na6(UO2)(SO4)4(H2O)4, péligotite (IMA2015-088), Na6(UO2)(SO4)4(H2O)4 and ottohahnite (IMA2015-098),Na6(UO2)2(SO4)5(H2O)7·1.5H2O, were found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where they occur together as secondary phases. All three minerals occur as yellowish-green to greenish-yellow crystals, are brittle with irregular fracture, have Mohs hardness of ∼2½ and exhibit bright bluish-green fluorescence, and all are easily soluble in room temperature H2O. Only klaprothite exhibits cleavage; perfect on {100} and {001}. Quantitative energydispersive spectroscopy analyses yielded the empirical formulas Na6.01(U1.03O2)(S0.993O4)4(H2O)4, Na5.82(U1.02O2)(S1.003O4)4(H2O)4 and Na5.88(U0.99O2)2(S1.008O4)5(H2O)8.5 for klaprothite, péligotite and ottohahnite, respectively. Their Raman spectra exhibit similar features. Klaprothite is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 9.8271(4), b = 9.7452(3), c = 20.8725(15) Å, β = 98.743(7)°, V = 1975.66(17)Å3 and Z = 4. Péligotite is triclinic, P1̄, a = 9.81511(18), b = 9.9575(2), c = 10.6289(8) Å, α = 88.680(6)°, β = 73.990(5)°, γ = 89.205(6)°, V = 998.22(8) Å3 and Z =2. Ottohahnite is triclinic, P1̄, a = 9.97562(19), b = 11.6741(2), c = 14.2903(10) Å, α = 113.518(8)°, β = 104.282(7)°, γ = 91.400(6)°, V = 1464.59(14) Å3 and Z = 2. The structures of klaprothite(R1 = 2.22%) and péligotite (R1 = 2.28%) both contain [(UO2)(SO4)4]6– clusters in which one SO4 group has a bidentate linkage with the UO7 polyhedron; Na–O polyhedra linkclusters into thick heteropolyhedral layers and link layers into frameworks; the structures differ in the configuration of Na–O polyhedra that link the layers. The structure of ottohahnite (R1 = 2.65%) contains [(UO2)4(SO4)10]12–clusters in which each UO7 polyhedron has a bidentate linkage with one SO4 group; Na–O polyhedra link clusters into a thin heteropolyhedral slice and also link the slices into a framework. The minerals are named for Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743–1817), Eugène-MelchiorPéligot (1811–1890) and Otto Hahn (1879–1968).

An unusually diverse array of 25 secondary Te oxysalt minerals has been documented from Otto Mountain, California, and 18 of these from the Bird Nest drift sublocality. A paragenetic sequence for these minerals is proposed, using observed overgrowth relationships plus spatial association data and data from other localities. Apart from Te and O, the components Pb, Cu and H are essential in the majority of the minerals. The atomic Cu/Te ratio decreases through the paragenetic sequence. This, and the occurrence of minerals with additional components such as Cl − , CO For the minerals with known crystal structures, two alternative 'structural units' were identified, one consisting only of the Te 4+ or Te 6+ oxyanion, while the other also included small, strongly-bound cations such as Cu 2+ . The degree of polymerization for the Te oxyanion correlated with the paragenetic sequence: the monomeric tellurate anions of early minerals were replaced progressively by dimers, chains and sheet structures, which may relate to a decreasing abundance of the 'network modifying' Cu 2+ cation, analogous to Bowen's discontinuous reaction series in igneous rock-forming silicates.No relationship was seen between paragenetic order and the larger type of structural unit, or structural complexity as defined by information content. This contrasts with results in the literature for evaporite sulfates and pegmatite phosphates. While structure-paragenesis relationships may be widespread, the exact nature of such relationships may be different for different chemical systems and different paragenetic environments.

The new minerals bobcookite (IMA 2014-030), NaAl(UO2)2(SO4)4·18H2O and wetherillite (IMA 2014-044), Na2Mg(UO2)2(SO4)4·18H2O, were found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where they occur together as secondary alteration phases in association with boyleite, chalcanthite, dietrichite, gypsum, hexahydrite, johannite, pickeringite and rozenite.Bobcookite descriptive details: lime green to greenish-yellow massive veins and columnar crystals; transparent; vitreous lustre; bright greenish-white fluorescence; pale greenish yellow streak; hardness (Mohs) 2½; brittle; conchoidal fracture; no cleavage; moderately hygroscopic; easily soluble in cold H2O; densitycalc = 2.669 g cm–3. Optically, biaxial (–), α = 1.501(1), β = 1.523(1), γ = 1.536(1) (white light); 2Vmeas. = 78(1)°; 2Vcalc. = 74°; dispersion r < v, moderate. Pleochroism: X colourless, Y very pale yellow-green, Z pale yellow-green; X < Y < Z. EDS analyses yielded the empirical formula Na0.97Al1.09(U1.02O2)2(S0.98O4)4(H2O)18. Bobcookite is triclinic, P1, a = 7.7912(2), b = 10.5491(3), c = 11.2451(8) Å , α = 68.961(5), β = 70.909(5), γ = 87.139(6)°, V = 812.79(8) Å3 and Z = 1. The structure (R1 = 1.65% for 3580 Fo > 4σF) contains [(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)] chains linked by NaO4(H2O)2 octahedra to form layers. Hydrogen bonds to insular Al(H2O)6 octahedra and isolated H2O groups hold the structure together. The mineral is named for Dr Robert (Bob) B. Cook of Auburn University, Alabama, USA.Wetherillite descriptive details: pale greenish-yellow blades; transparent; vitreous lustre; white streak; hardness (Mohs) 2; brittle; two cleavages, {101} perfect and {010} fair; conchoidal or curved fracture; easily soluble in cold H2O; densitycalc = 2.626 g cm–3. Optically, biaxial (+), α = 1.498(1), β = 1.508(1), γ = 1.519(1) (white light); 2Vmeas. = 88(1)°, 2Vcalc. = 87.9°; dispersion is r < v, distinct; optical orientation: Z = b, X ∧ a = 54° in obtuse β; pleochroism: X colourless, Y pale yellow-green, Z pale yellow-green; X < Y ≈ Z. EDS analyses yielded the empirical formula Na1.98(Mg0.58Zn0.24Cu0.11Fe0.092+)Σ1.02(U1.04O2)2(S0.98O4)4(H2O)18. Wetherillite is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 20.367(1), b = 6.8329(1), c = 12.903(3) Å, β = 107.879(10)°, V = 1709.0(5) Å3 and Z = 2. The structure (R1 = 1.39% for 3625 Fo > 4σF) contains [(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)] sheets parallel to {100}. Edge-sharing chains of Na(H2O)5O polyhedra link adjacent uranyl sulfate sheets forming a weakly bonded three-layer sandwich. The sandwich layers are linked to one another by hydrogen bonds through insular Mg(H2O)6 octahedra and isolated H2O groups. The mineral is named for John Wetherill (1866–1944) and George W. Wetherill (1925–2006).

Plášilite (IMA 2014-021), Na(UO 2 )(SO 4 )(OH)·2H 2 O, is a new uranyl sulfate mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA. The new mineral occurs in and on sandstone matrix in close association with atacamite, blödite, brochantite, calcite, chalcanthite, dickite, gerhardtite, gypsum, hexahydrite, johannite, manganoblödite, natrozippeite and tamarugite. It is a low-temperature, secondary mineral formed by the post-mining weathering of uraninite. Plášilite is monoclinic, with the space group P2 1 /c, and unit cell parameters a = 8.7122(6), b = 13.8368(4), c = 7.0465(2) Å, β = 112.126(8)°, V = 786.89(7) Å 3 and Z = 4. Crystals are long, thin blades, elongated on [001] and flattened on {100}; rarely occur as prisms, also elongated on [001]. Crystals exhibit the forms {100}, {010} and {011}, and are commonly twinned on {100}. Plášilite is greenish yellow, has a white streak and fluoresces bluish white under both long-wave and short-wave UV. It is transparent with vitreous luster. The mineral has a Mohs hardness probably between 2 and 3, brittle tenacity, even fracture and two perfect cleavages, {010} and {001}. The calculated density based on the empirical formula is 3.726 g/cm 3 . The mineral is optically biaxial (+), with α = 1.556(1), β = 1.581 (1) 2-parallel to (010). Between the sheets and linking them to one another are chains of edge-sharing NaO 2 (H 2 O) 4 octahedra parallel to [001]. The uranyl sulfate sheet is based on the phosphuranylite anion topology. The sheets in plášilite and deliensite are geometrical isomers. : plášilite, new mineral, crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy, uranyl sulfate, Blue Lizard mine Received: 25 June 2014; accepted: 23 November 2014; handling editor: F. Laufek The online version of this article (doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.184) contains supplementary electronic material. (Kampf et al. 2014), and herein we introduce plášilite, the fourth new sodium uranyl sulfate. In addition, six other new uranyl sulfates from this mine, are currently under study and all, except one, contain essential Na. KeywordsThe discovery of such a wealth of new uranyl sulfates at a single mine is unprecedented. The classic Jáchymov deposit has yielded more uranyl sulfates (Ondruš et al. 1997;Tvrdý and Plášil 2010); however, they have been described from several mines and over a lengthy time period. Furthermore, it is remarkable that seven of the ten new phases from the Blue Lizard mine feature only Na as the additional cation and only one contains no essential Na. The only sodium uranyl sulfate mineral known previously was natrozippeite (Frondel et al. 1976).

This report describes eight patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia whose disease became more aggressive over a variable period of time. This clinical progression was associated with a change in cell morphology from small lymphocytes to an increasing number of large transformed lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. In the peripheral blood, the predominant large cell was a prolymphocyte. The small lymphocytes and the prolymphocytes had identical cell surface markers in each patient. However, the prolymphocytes had a greater density of surface immunoglobulin than did the same lymphocytes. No features were found that help predict in which patients CLL will convert to a more aggressive form. Once transformation has taken place, however, there appears to be a correlation between the number of prolymphocytes in the blood and patient survival. It is suggested that the entities of prolymphocytic transformation of CLL, prolymphocytic leukemia, and Richter's syndrome are less distinct than has been thought previously. These disorders probably represent several phases of transformation of the same cell type, and they may be examples of different stages in the natural history of CLL.