In humans, increased arginase 1 expression after trauma observed in the PBMC layer seems to be exclusively the result of an increased number of activated granulocytes.
This study shows that induction of CD11b+/Gr1+ cells after physical injury play an essential role in the regulation of nitric oxide production after a septic challenge. The accumulation and induction of arginase 1 in TIMSC is Th2 cytokine dependent. To our knowledge, the role of TIMSC in the regulation of nitric oxide is a novel finding. This observation adds to the possibility that TIMSC could play an important role in immunosuppression observed after physical injury.
Arginine availability is a limiting factor for NO production. Citrulline is a potential substitute to restore NO production when arginine availability is limited. Glutamine appears to be an important modulator that interferes with citrulline-mediated NO production.
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