Swallowing dysfunction is common after stroke. More than 50% of the 665
thousand stroke survivors will experience dysphagia acutely of which
approximately 80 thousand will experience persistent dysphagia at 6 months. The
physiologic impairments that result in post-stroke dysphagia are varied. This
review focuses primarily on well-established dysphagia treatments in the context
of the physiologic impairments they treat. Traditional dysphagia therapies
including volume and texture modifications, strategies such as chin tuck, head
tilt, head turn, effortful swallow, supraglottic swallow, super-supraglottic
swallow, Mendelsohn maneuver and exercises such as the Shaker exercise and
Masako (tongue hold) maneuver are discussed. Other more recent treatment
interventions are discussed in the context of the evidence available.
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