Figure 1. Experimental evidence for novel gravity-like fields. The figure shows an overlay of two pictures. The four solid curves, taken from the Stanford-NASA Gravity Probe B space flight experiment, 1 show the directly measured misalignments of the four gyroscopes (gyro) employed in this experiment, made from niobium coated quartz spheres that are rotating at superconducting temperatures. The two dotted curves show the theoretical misalignment of the gyros calculated by EHT (Extended Heim Theory) caused by the presence of the postulated gravitomagnetic field, which, according to EHT, should result from the rotation of the cryogenic Nb coated quartz spheres (gyros). This gravitomagnetic field, being 18-20 orders of magnitude larger than classical relativistic frame dragging as predicted by GR (General Relativity), is outside GR and would denote a novel physical phenomenon. Moreover, the presence of this effect might cause gyro anomalies and render the data analysis much more challenging. In this paper we discuss the current state of the art on the existence of gravity-like fields, which are gravitational fields that cannot be described by conventional gravitation, i.e. by the accumulation of mass. The gravitomagnetic effect of these fields is 18-20 orders of magnitude larger than predicted by classical GR frame dragging. The paper starts with an introduction to the present experimental basis for the existence of these novel gravity-like fields. The second section is dedicated to a discussion of the main physical features of a geometrized approach termed EHT (Extended Heim Theory), and to elucidate the underlying geometrization approach, extending Einstein's idea of the geometrization of physics by employing the additional concepts of Heim (1952Heim ( , 1977 and Finzi (1955). As a consequence, EHT predicts, as already published in 2002, the existence of two additional gravity-like fields that can be both attractive and repulsive that is, there exist six fundamental physical interactions, of which three are of gravitational nature. In section three, all experiments are discussed that have measured gravitomagnetic or gravity-like fields (acceleration), and EHT is utilized to calculate magnitude, direction, and physical features of these fields for all those experiments. Furthermore, a comparison with measured and EHT results is performed. In particular, an analysis is presented for the recent set of experiments by Tajmar During GP-B another anomaly was seen, namely a 10 Hz frequency shift indicating both deceleration and acceleration among the two gyro pairs. In Section four, the nature and type of the fundamental interaction(s), responsible for gravitomagnetic effects, is determined. Utilizing straightforward physical arguments it is demonstrated that none of the four known fundamental interactions can be the cause of these fields. In addition, in the meantime, the frame dragging effect was determined from the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellite data, and GR was confirmed within 5 to 10 % accuracy. Thus, the frame d...
This article provides a review of the latest experimental results in quantum physics and astrophysics, discussing their repercussions on the advanced physical theories that go beyond both the SMs (standard models) of particle physics and cosmology. It will be shown that many of the essential concepts of the advanced theoretical models developed over the past 40 years are no longer tenable because they are contradicting the novel data. Most recent results (December 2016) from the Large Hadron Collider revealed no new matter particles up to particle masses of 1.6 TeV/c2, which is in accordance with recent ACME experimental data (2014) that saw no electric dipole moment for the electron as predicted by these theories. Moreover, the LUX experiment (since 2013) did not see any dark matter particles either, thus independently supporting LHC and ACME measurements. Furthermore, experimental particle physics seems to be telling us that dark matter particles (LHC results) do not exist, suggesting that dark matter particles either are more exotic or are more difficult to detect than had been predicted in the past decades (less likely with recent LHC results). Astrophysical observations since 1933, starting with Caltech astronomer Zwicky, however, have provided irrefutable evidence for the existence of dark matter, for instance, based on the phenomenon of gravitational lensing as well as observed rotational velocities of stars orbiting the galactic center that are deviating from Newton’s law. Surprisingly, recent astronomical observations by Bidin, ESO (2010, 2012, 2014), seem to indicate the absence of dark matter within galaxies. In addition, cosmology at present has no explanation for about 68 % of the energy in the Universe that comes in the form of dark energy. Recently, measured data from three entirely different types of experiments both on earth and in space (2006–2011) are hinting at completely novel features of gravity that, if confirmed, must be outside Einstein’s general relativity. Extreme gravitomagnetic and gravity-like fields may have been observed at cryogenic temperatures generated by a rotating ring or disk. However, these experimental results are not conclusive so far. The strength of these extreme fields has been calculated and, according to the respective equations, should be sufficient to serve as a basis for a gravitational technology that, for example, could establish long sought field propulsion (i.e. propulsion without fuel), actively researched by physicists and rocket engineers in the 1960s and 1990s. This article concludes with an outlook on the novel technology of gravitational engineering that might follow from gravity-like fields and discusses the novel physical concepts resulting from the existence of these extreme gravitomagnetic fields.
We apply a truncated set of dynamical equations of motion for connected equal-time Green functions up to the 4-point level to the investigation of spontaneous ground state symmetry breaking in 4 2+1 quantum eld theory. Within our momentum space discretization we obtain a second order phase transition as soon as the connected 3-point function is included. However, an additional inclusion of the connected 4-point function still shows a signi cant in uence on the shape of the e ective potential and the critical coupling.
Spacetime physics includes general relativity (GR), quantum theory, quantum gravity, string theory (additional external dimensions), and gauge theory (additional internal dimensions) as well as some modern variations. The paper will discuss the requirements on future propulsion systems stemming from the demands for routine missions to LEO, the moon, or planetary missions within the solar system, as well as interstellar flight. These requirements are compared with the limits imposed by the physical laws of GR in conjunction with the physical theories listed above. The physical consequences of these field theories in curved-spacetime as well as string and gauge theory, are discussed. Moreover, recent developments in the structure of spacetime are presented, and their consequences for advanced propulsion systems are outlined. In particular, a novel experiment (ESA, March 2006) reporting about the generation of an artificial gravitational field in the laboratory is discussed. This experiment, if confirmed, could serve as the basis for a field propulsion device. Since a thorough understanding of the underlying physical principle is of prevailing importance, a detailed theoretical analysis of this experiment is presented. Utilizing the experimental data along with the insight gained from theoretical considerations, a concept for a field propulsion device is developed. Preliminary results on the capability of this device will be given. Finally, an outlook of the necessary experimental and theoretical prerequisites is given to both understand the novel physics as well as the technical requirements for such a propulsion device.
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