Mass diffusion of rhodamine 6G (R6G) in water-based alumina nanofluids is studied by means of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. We report a mass diffusivity enhancement that reaches an order of magnitude in a 2 vol % nanofluid when compared to the value in deionized water. Since experiments were performed with positively charged R6G, interfacial complexation between the dye and the nanoparticles was not observed. The effect of local density variations on mass diffusivity measurements is also addressed. An explanation for the enhancement of mass diffusion is presented using arguments based on dispersion, and it is shown that it correctly describes the order of magnitude differences between the thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity enhancements reported in the literature.
Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BMT) has a high melting point and is envisioned as a thermal barrier coating material. In this study, a hybrid suspension/solution precursor plasma spray process with a radio frequency thermal plasma torch is designed to deposit BMT nanostructured coatings. Six combinations of chemical reagents are investigated as coating precursors: one BMT powder suspension and five Ta2O5 suspensions in nitrate-or acetate-based solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to evaluate the element evaporation during plasma spraying, while a thermogravimetric / differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) is applied to investigate the BMT formation.Parameters such as precursor chemistry, plasma power, spraying distance and substrate preheating are studied with regards to the coating phase structure. Twice the Mg stoichiometric amount with a power of 50 kW shows the best results when using nanocrystallized Ta2O5 as a tantalum precursor. When choosing nitrates as Ba and Mg precursors, crystallized BMT is obtained at lower plasma power (45 kW) when compared to acetates (50 kW). BaTa2O6, Ba3Ta5O15, Ba4Ta2O9, Mg4Ta2O9 are the main secondary phases observed during the BMT coatings deposition. Because of the complicated acetate decomposition process, the coating deposition rate from nitrate precursors is 1.56 times higher than that from acetate precursors.
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