Cashew apple bagasse (CAB) has been studied as feedstock for the biohydrogen production using Clostridium roseum and the dark fermentation process. Pretreatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (CAB-AHP) on raw material and the acid and enzymatic hydrolysis have been taken into account to evaluate the H yields. Results show that the acid hydrolysate obtained from CAB produced higher H molar yield (HMY) (15 mmol/L) than the acid hydrolysate from CAB-AHP (4.99 mmol/L), These HMY were noticeably higher than values obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysate of CAB-AHP (1.05 mmol/L) and the enzymatic hydrolysate of CAB (0.59 mmol/L). The maximum biohydrogen productivity (12.57 mL/L.h) was achieved using the acid hydrolysate from CAB, with a H content of about 72% vol, that could be satisfactory in view of an energetic applications of the biogas. Results suggest that CAB could be considered for the hydrogen production process, providing an appropriate destination for this lignocellulosic biomass, and consequently, reducing the environmental impact it can exert.
In this work, the production of biosurfactants from cashew apple juice by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MSIC02 was investigated by carrying out a 2 4 full factorial experimental design, using temperature, glucose concentration from cashew apple juice, phosphorous concentration and cultivation time as variables. The response variable was the percentage of reduction in surface tension in the cell-free culture medium, since it indicates the surface-active agent production. Maximum biosurfactant production, equivalent to a 58% reduction in surface tension, was obtained at 37 °C, with glucose concentration of 5.0 g/L and no phosphorous supplementation. Surface tension reduction was significant, since low values were observed in the cell-free medium (27.50 dyn/cm), indicating that biosurfactant was produced. The biosurfactant emulsified different hydrophobic sources and showed stability in the face of salinity, exposure to high temperatures and extreme pH conditions. These physiochemical properties demonstrate the potential for using biosurfactants produced by P. aeruginosa MSIC02 in various applications.
This research examines the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol in order to model and simulate a non-ideal continuous stirred-tank reactor. A mathematical model has been developed for the reactor. The biodiesel production process was optimized by application of factorial design 25 and response surface methodology. Factorial design and response surface analysis were combined with modeling and simulation to determine the operating conditions that maximize biodiesel production and minimize reactor volume. The optimum results obtained were conversion (0.95), molar ratio alcohol/oil (6:1), temperature (60.5 oC), ? (0.75), bypass (0.10) and reactor volume (1,500 L).
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