Las expectativas de logro educacional representan un correlato proximal del nivel educacional alcanzado; el cual, a su vez, es un determinante del progreso económico logrado en la adultez. El presente estudio se propuso identificar predictores de las expectativas educativas en jóvenes adolescentes que viven en condiciones de pobreza en México. Para tal propósito se analizaron los datos de 1.093 adolescentes, 56% de sexo masculino, 61% procedentes de localidades urbanas, con edad promedio de 14,92 (DE = 1,29) años, y escolaridad promedio de 8,33 (DE = 1,71) años; y los datos demográficos y socioeconómicos de uno de sus padres. Los datos proceden de una muestra probabilística nacional de hogares inscritos al programa Oportunidades. Los resultados identificaron la escolaridad parental, la actitud positiva hacia la escuela y las expectativas laborales de los adolescentes como los predictores principales de las expectativas educativas de estos. El modelo explicó el 18% de la varianza de las expectativas educativas, el 36% de la actitud positiva hacia la escuela y el 26% de las expectativas laborales positivas de los adolescentes. No se identificaron diferencias de grupo en expectativas educativas por género, pero sí por tipo de localidad de residencia en favor de los adolescentes residentes en localidades urbanas.
Living in poverty conditions implies exposure to severe circumstances of social disadvantage, associated with greater propensity to contract illnesses. A negative correlation has consistently been observed between health and poverty. The chronic exposure to stress affects people's well-being through the development of symptoms of anxiety and depression. The suffering of these symptoms for a long time period may be considered as part of a more general syndrome of emotional disturbance, in detriment to a person's mental health. The objective of this study is to identify psychological factors that influence emotional disturbance, measured as symptoms of anxiety and depression, in adults living in poverty conditions in Mexico's central region. A total of 913 adults, 65.2% female, were surveyed. The mean age of the participants was 43.71 (±12.58) years and the mean number of years of schooling was 4.04 (±3.36). Variables corresponding to personal characteristics were measured. The results indicate that the most important risk factor for depression is anxiety and vice versa. Additionally, gender, negative self-esteem, lack of adequate strategies for confronting and resolving difficulties, and lack of self-regulation predicted depression, whereas stress, lack of self-regulation, and coping style predicted anxiety. These variables were better predictors than optimism, locus of control, sense of humor or religiosity.
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