Increased longevity has led to concerns and fears among the population about the inexorable process of ageing. This process causes individuals to become more anxious about the physical and psychosocial changes caused by the passage of time. However, there are currently no scales in the Spanish context that analyse ageing. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to validate the Anxiety about Aging scale to the Spanish context. In the present study, 594 subjects between 25 and 64 years old participated. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. The results revealed that the factor structure of the questionnaire shows adequate psychometric properties, showing a four-factor factor structure.
The word scouting refers to the Scout movement, born more than a hundred years ago, which educates millions of young people between the ages of six and twenty-one in their leisure time. We aimed to study the effects of scouting on the academic results, social skills, and self-esteem of high school youths compared to a non-scout sample. The selected sample consisted of 430 secondary students aged between thirteen and seventeen. Self-esteem and social skills were measured, and the average mark of the total sample was analysed. After the study, it was shown that belonging to the scout movement significantly influences the improvement of academic results in formal education and conflict resolution; however, there are no statistically significant differences in self-esteem and other social skills.
Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido relacionar el deterioro cognitivo en las personas mayores con la conservación de aquellas actividades de la vida cotidiana que resultan más complejas y que les proporcionan un estado de autonomía avanzado. La muestra ha estado compuesta por 472 pacientes (163 varones y 309 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 60 y 102 años. El diseño se corresponde con un estudio descriptivo correlacional de investigación evaluativa. Resultados. Se analizan los resultados obtenidos a través de la contestación a los instrumentos de evaluación SPMQ (Pfeiffer) y ESENP, contemplando el estado mental de los pacientes y comprobando el manejo de estos en cuanto a la realización de actividades de la vida diaria, así como la relación entre ambos factores teniendo en cuenta además si existen diferencias en función de las edades y el géne-ro. Conclusiones. Los datos registrados de este estudio muestran la relación que existe entre el deterioro cognitivo y la autonomía personal en personas mayores lo que permite definir con precisión qué necesidades reales demanda la población futura en cuanto a servicios sociales comunitarios, pudiéndolos utilizar con la intención de optimizar y ampliar dichos servicios. Palabras clave: Cognición; autonomía personal; deterioro cognitivo; personas mayores.Title: Cognition and autonomy in dependent elderly people. Abstract: The aim of this work has been to relate the cognitive impairment in elderly people to the preservation of those daily life activities that turn out to be more complex and that provide them with a state of advanced autonomy. The sample has been composed of 472 patients (163 males and 309 women), at ages understood between 60 and 102 years. The design corresponds to the correlational descriptive study of evaluative investigation. Results. The results obtained have been analyzed though the answers to the instruments of evaluation SPMQ (Pfeiffer) and ESENP, contemplating the mental condition of the patients and verifying their managing of the daily life activities, as well as the relation between both factors taking into account differences depending on the ages and sexes. Conclusions. The information registered in this study shows us the relation that exists between cognitive deterioration and the personal autonomy in elderly people what allows to define accurately the real needs of the future population as for social community services, being able to use them with the intention of optimizing and extending the above mentioned services.
The perspective from the parents of non-university students is essential in determining inclusive education in a school. The Index of Inclusion is one of the most widely used self-assessment tools and strategies to help teaching teams self-assess their political cultures and practices from the perspective of the values and principles of educational inclusion worldwide. For this reason, the present study intends to show evidence of validity of the Index for Inclusion questionnaire for parents of non-university education students, in a quantitative way, through a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In this study, 108 fathers and 500 mothers took part, aged between 21 and 62 years (M = 43.59; SD = 6.64), whose children belonged to educational institutions throughout Spain. The results revealed adequate adjustment rates, showing invariant structure with respect to sex. The Index for Inclusion for families of non-university education students was shown to be a robust and adequate psychometric instrument to assess the degree of development of inclusive education in educational institutions from the perspective of the parents of said student body. The family is a basic pillar in the education of children and a reference for them. In addition, parents of non-university education students are configured as fundamental participatory elements of the child’s educational institution thus; making the family a fundamental element that favors inclusive education. Precisely because of all this, the future administration of this questionnaire (to the parents of these students) is recommended.
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