The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large‐scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications.
O queixada (Tayassu pecari Link, 1795) é uma espécie da família Tayassuidae que ocorre na região neotropical, vivendo em grandes varas. A espécie agora é considerada criticamente ameaçada na Mata Atlântica. Neste trabalho, apresentamos novos registros de T. pecari para o sul do Brasil, feitos no rio Pelotas e no Parque Estadual do Turvo, onde a espécie era tida como extinta. Os novos registros feitos neste parque provavelmente se devem a uma recolonização a partir das florestas de Misiones (Argentina), mas essa conexão está ameaçada pela inundação prevista pelo projeto hidroelétrico Panambi.
Species of the genus Elaenia are difficult to distinguish from one another using only morphological characteristics. In Brazil, Elaenia chiriquensis occurs from northern Paraná to Roraima and is absent in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states. Using audio and photographic evidence, as well as the comparison of sonograms, we confirm the occurrence of this species 700 km southwest of its previously known distribution. Our new record is from Palmas, Paraná, only 600 m from the border with Água Doce, Santa Catarina, which suggests the possibility that this species also occurs in this state. Deforestation for monocultures and pastures might have contributed to this species' expansion in the Atlantic Rainforest biome.
O arredio-do-gravatá habita os pântanos que contêm gravatá (Eryngium spp.) e tem sua distribuição do Uruguai ao Brasil, onde se pensava estar restrito aos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Neste estudo, relatamos o primeiro registro da espécie para o estado do Paraná, na cidade de Palmas, aumentando a distribuição conhecida da espécie e a lista de aves do estado. Destacamos também a importância dos estudos para a conservação das espécies no estado.
∙ The Pavonine Cuckoo (Dromococcyx pavoninus) usually inhabits forest interior, and, being very difficult to observe, little is known about its behavior. Here we describe a new type of foraging behavior based on observations in two different places, one natural and one anthropic. In both cases, the birds perched on the ground and used their wings and tail to disturb the vegetation, flushing and capturing insects while staying on the ground. As far as we know there are no previous published data on the foraging behavior of this species. Resumo ∙ Descrição de um comportamento de forrageio de Peixe‐frito‐pavonino (Dromococcyx pavoninus Pelzeln, 1870) (Cuculiformes: Cuculidae) O peixe‐frito‐pavonino (Dromococcyx pavoninus) é um habitante de interior de florestas e por ser muito difícil de observar, pouco é conhecido sobre seus comportamentos. Aqui descrevemos um novo tipo de comportamento de forrageio baseado em observações em dois locais diferentes, um natural e um antropizado. Em ambos os casos as aves estavam pousadas no solo e usaram de suas asas e cauda para movimentar a vegetação, desentocando‐ perseguindo os insetos enquanto ainda permaneciam no solo. Pelo que se sabe não há qualquer registro prévio publicado sobre as táticas de forrageio da espécie.
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