The median raphe nucleus (MRN) is related to stress resistance and defensive responses, a crucial source of serotonergic neurons that project to prosencephalic structures related to stress and anxiety. Estrogen receptors were identified in this mesencephalic structure. It is possible that the estrogen action is related to serotonin effect on somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptors, inhibiting the function of serotonergic neurons and thus preventing of the stress effect and inducing anxiolysis. So, in order to evaluate these aspects, female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and 21 days later were given a direct microinjection of estradiol benzoate (EB) (1200 ng) into the MRN, preceded by microinjections of saline or WAY100.635 (100 ng), a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. Immediately after the two microinjections, the ovariectomized rats were conditioned with an aversive event (foot shock) session in a Skinner box. Twenty-four hours later, they were exposed to the same context in a test session for 5 min for behavioral assessment: freezing, rearing, locomotion, grooming, and autonomic responses (fecal boluses and micturition). EB microinjection in the MRN prior to the exposure of animals to the foot shocks in the conditioning session did not alter their behavior in this session, but neutralized the association of the aversive experience to the context: there was a decrease in the expression of freezing and an increased rearing activity in the test session. This effect was reversed by prior microinjection of WAY100.635. In conclusion, EB acted on serotonergic neurons in the MRN of the ovariectomized rats, impairing the association of the aversive experience to the context, by co-modulating the functionality of somatodendritic 5-HT1A.
Os recursos hídricos estão disponíveis de diversas maneiras e locais no planeta terra, sendo uma delas subterrâneas. Estas águas recebem o nome de lençol freático e estão localizadas em meio as rochas a baixo do nível da superfície, que podem ser classificadas em aquíferos fraturados, porosos ou cársticos. No Brasil, a captação deste recurso hídrico é feita, dentre outras maneiras, por meio de poços de água subterrâneas, que são registrados no Sistema de Informações de Águas Subterrâneas (SIAGAS). Nesse contexto, a plataforma online foi utilizada para o levantamento de todos os pontos de captação para a região do Triângulo Mineiro, salvas as exceções daqueles poços que foram perfurados e são utilizados de modo clandestino (sem registro no aparato da regulação estatal). Buscando a caracterização dos aspectos construtivos e hidrodinâmicos da região, foram realizadas análises e discussões acerca da distribuição de tais parâmetros pelo território mineiro, resultando inclusive, em estimativas de potência e energia totais para toda região, média de custos para implantação de um poço e suas emissões de dióxido de carbono. O estudo mostra que o emprego de bombas a diesel para os poços estudados, além de poluírem 37% mais o ar atmosférico, possuem um custo anual aproximadamente 141% maior em relação as bombas elétricas.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.