Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has a considerable economic impact on the pork industry worldwide for more than two decades. In 2016, a new circovirus, porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), was described; since then, it has been reported to be associated with diseased or even in clinically healthy swine in several countries. Considering the importance of wild boars as reservoirs of swine pathogens and the extensive distribution of these animals in Rio Grande do Sul and throughout the national territory, we searched for PCV2 and PCV3 in twenty-six wild boars coupled with necropsy and histologic examination of the sampled animals. Using PCR, 182 tissue samples were analyzed, including the heart, kidneys, liver, lung, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils. PCV2 and PCV3 were detected in 57.7% (15/26) and 15.4% (4/26) of wild boars, respectively. Furthermore, co-infection with PCV2 and PCV3 was detected in one of these animals, with PCV2 or PCV3 DNA detection in multiple organs. Histological examination showed mild to moderate and multifocal lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis distributed randomly throughout the renal cortex, apparently unrelated to PCV2 or PCV3 detection. The wild boar population in Brazil is extensive, indicating the presence of a larger number of swine pathogen hosts. In the present study, more than half of the wild boars harbored PCV2; and although less frequently, PCV3 was also detected. Therefore, free-living wild boars can serve as reservoirs of swine circoviruses in southern Brazil.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal stress on the physiological and metabolic parameters in laying hens and the microbiological quality of eggs. The experiment was performed with 50 Rhode Island Red hens in the initial laying phase, under standard diet, lodged in 20 m² stalls under controlled temperature, for 30 days. The laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: G1 - the control group, which contained 10 hens exposed to the temperature of 17 ºC; G2 - the treatment group, which contained 40 hens exposed to the temperature of 30 ºC. The physiological parameters evaluated were: cloacal temperature, body surface temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and weight. Biochemical tests included total protein, albumin, globulin, and glucose. The group subjected to thermal stress showed lower body weight, increased heart rate, a slight increase in the respiratory rate, and increase in body surface temperature when compared with the control group (P < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed regarding cloacal temperature. As for the metabolic parameters, the treated group showed an increase in total proteins and globulins compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while albumin remained at basal levels. Additionally, hypoglycemia was observed in the treated group. Samples from egg shells and yolk were subjected to the analyses for the detection of Salmonella spp. These microorganisms were not detected amongst the egg samples.
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Resumo.No Brasil, o bem-estar animal por muito tempo foi negligenciado, porém, o tema se coloca em posição de destaque, devido recomendações mundiais do consumo de alimentos de origem animal. Uma das abordagens mais discutidas dentre as citadas nas cinco liberdades do bem-estar animal é a manutenção da saúde desses animais. Neste quesito está incluso a vacinação e o manejo hídrico adequado para bovinos de leite. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a percepção e conhecimento de produtores rurais de vacas leiteiras da microrregião de Frederico Westphalen -RS, sobre as vacinações obrigatórias para bovinos leiteiros bem como o manejo hídrico que visem o bem-estar animal em suas propriedades. Foi possível observar que embora, grande parte dos produtores conheça o esquema vacinal dos animais, ainda existe grande deficiência na diferenciação de vacinas obrigatórias e não obrigatórias, sobretudo, na disposição de se conhecer as doenças que acometem o rebanho local.Palavras chave: brucelose, doenças negligenciadas, tuberculose, vaca de leite Vaccination in dairy cattle: an animal welfare practice known to producers?
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