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Business activities within the organization are performed by a number of human or automated actors. For the organization to adapt to internal or external changes it must be able to understand how and why actors are related to and assigned to processes. This requires a consistent representation of the services required by the organization's processes and those provided by its actors. This paper focuses on defining the concepts that allow structurally aligning human actors and business processes through the description of the organizational competencies required to perform processes' activities. These structures can then be used dynamically within a marketplace-based model, supporting the management of actors and activities according to the supply and demand of competencies.

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Abstract. The discipline of Enterprise Engineering aims for enterprises to operate as a unified and integrated whole. This discipline therefore adopts the mission to develop theories, models, methods and other artifacts for the analysis, design, implementation and governance of enterprises in a theoretically rigorous and practically relevant manner. The Enterprise Engineering Manifesto postulates the dualities of concepts function/construction perspective, blackbox/white-box models and subjective/objective as being opposed to each other in one-on-one relationships.Illustrated by the Pizzeria case, it becomes clear (a) that functions can be defined objectively, and (b) that a valuation perspective should be added that truly focuses on the relationship between a system and its stakeholders. These insights can support building stronger bridges between management and organization sciences -traditionally stronger in functional approaches -and information systems science, and computer science -traditionally stronger in constructional approaches.

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