The crystallization mechanisms of a series of fourteen 7-chloro-4-substituted-quinolines were proposed based on a retrocrystallization approach using the supramolecular cluster as demarcation.
Leishmaniases are a group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused by protozoan parasites from >20 Leishmania species. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-aza, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis, usually fatal in the absence of treatment in 95% of cases. The Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHAs) are being explored as drug candidates against several diseases, one of them being leishmaniasis. We present here the design, synthesis and in vitro screening against Leishmania donovani of sixteen new molecular hybrids from analgesic/anti-inflammatory tetrahydropyrans derivatives and Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts. First, acrylates were synthesized from analgesic/anti-inflammatory tetrahydropyrans using acrylic acid under TsOH as a catalyst (70%–75% yields). After the 16 new MBHAs were prepared in moderate to good yields (60%–95%) promoted by microwave irradiation or low temperature (0 °C) in protic and aprotic medium. The hybrids were evaluated in vitro on the promastigote stage of Leishmania donovani by determining their inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC50), 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50), selectivity index (HC50/IC50,), and comparing to Amphotericin B, chosen as the anti-leishmanial reference drug. The hybrid which presents the bromine atom in its chemical structure presents high leishmanicide activity and the high selectivity index in red blood cells (SIrb > 180.19), compared with the highly-toxic reference drug (SIrb = 33.05), indicating that the bromine hybrid is a promising compound for further biological studies.
Na pesca artesanal, a reprodução social é entendida tanto em função das condições objetivas (trabalho, renda, alimentação) quanto de estruturas simbólicas das relações dos pescadores com os ambientes naturais, a cultura local e os modos de saber-fazer das comunidades pesqueiras. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever o comportamento da dimensão Tecnoeconômica da reprodução social da Comunidade Quilombola de São Lourenço (Goiana/PE). Esta pesquisa configura-se como um estudo de caso, com caráter descritivo ancorado na análise qualitativa dos dados com base no modelo explicativo do fenômeno da reprodução social da saúde desenvolvido por Juan Samaja (2000). As condições de vida e saúde são reflexos da interação e conexão das macro e micro estruturas representadas por essas dimensões por intermédio de um movimento histórico, complexo e sistêmico.
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