No abstract

Aim:The introduction of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy represented an important evolution in urinary tract lithiasis management. The aim of this study is to describe the results of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for the treatment of urinary tract lithiasis in children, focusing on the index of elimination of the calculi and the complications occurring during the procedure and during the following three months. Methods: From September 1991 to July 2002, 135 children between one and 12 years, suffering from urinary tract lithiasis underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. A retrospective analysis of these patients was carried out. Results: One hundred and ninety-five calculi ranging in size from 5.0 mm to 20.0 mm were treated , out of which 147 were found in the kidneys and 48 in the ureter. Urinary tract dilation was presented by 30% of the children at the time of the procedure. After extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 75.8% of the calculi were eliminated: 64.1% were stone-free and 11.7% had Յ 4 mm stones. Ureteral calculi and 5-10 mm stones responded better than the kidney and 11-20 mm stones (P = 0.027 and P = 0.012, respectively). No differences were detected according to the calculi location, whether in the ureter or kidney (P = 0.637 and P = 0.703, respectively). The shock wave intensity of 14kv was as efficient as the higher voltage. Short-term complications were observed in 23.7%, characterized by fever and pain. Conclusion: In children, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy proved to be able to eliminate 75.8% of the treated calculi and 83.7% of the patients presented a complete or partial response. Complications were observed in 23.7% of patients, and pain was the most frequent symptom.

ResumoEste artigo objetivou definir o tipo de substrato agroflorestal ideal e a profundidade adequada de semeadura de angelim-doce, gerando informações sobre o desenvolvimento das mudas e sobre substratos de baixo custo e de fácil obtenção. Realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial (5x3), com os fatores substratos agroflorestais e profundidades sendo replicados sete vezes com uma semente em cada recipiente. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, peso seco total, número de folhas, altura e diâmetro do coleto das mudas e índice de qualidade de mudas de Dickson. Os resultados mostraram que o substrato mais indicado para a germinação e desenvolvimento desta espécie nativa foi o que continha casca de castanha-do-brasil, casca de amendoim ou semente de açaí e a profundidade ideal para a semeadura e condução das mudas foi na superfície. Palavras-chave: Análise de sementes; Andira inermis inermis; Espécie florestal nativa; Sementes florestais AbstractAgroforestry wastes used for germination and development of sweet angelim seedlings. This paper aimed to define the ideal type of agroforestry substrate and the adequate depth of sweet angelim sowing, providing information on the development of seedlings, as well as on low-cost substrates which are easy to be obtained. An experiment in a greenhouse was carried out, in a completely randomized design with treatments distributed in a factorial scheme (5x3), with the factors agroforestry substrates and depths being replicated seven times with a seed in each container. The following parameters were analyzed: germination percentage, germination speed index, total dry weight, number of leaves, seedlings height and coll diameter, and Dickson's seedling quality index. The results showed that the most suitable substrate for germination and development of this native species was that containing Brazil nut shell, peanut hull, or açai seed, and the ideal depth for sowing and managing seedlings was on the surface.

Homem de visão sempre à frente do seu tempo, agradeço a oportunidade e a confiança em mim depositada. Ao Dr. Ricardo Jordão Duarte que de orientador, professor e colega, passei a respeitar e admirar pelo entusiasmo, esforço e por nunca negar um pedido de ajuda, hoje é um bom amigo.