The Portuguese KOOS evidenced acceptable psychometric characteristics.

Over the last 30 years the combination of both a sedentary lifestyle and excessive food availability has led to a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity and aggravation of rates of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several lines of scientific evidence have been demonstrating that a low level of physical activity and decreased daily energy expenditure leads to the accumulation of visceral fat and, consequently, the activation of the oxidative stress/inflammation cascade, which underlies the development of insulin resistant T2DM and evolution of micro, and macrovascular complications. This paper focuses on the pathophysiological pathways associated with the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of T2DM and the impact of regular physical exercise (training) as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategy to prevent evolution of T2DM and its serious complications.

The Portuguese KOOS-PS evidenced acceptable psychometric characteristics.

Case-control study, Level III.

This study compares the effects of a single bout of exercise (acute extenuating) with those promoted by an exercise training program (chronic), focusing on low-grade chronic inflammation profile and on oxidative stress status, using the obese ZDF rats as a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks of a swimming training program and after a single bout of acute extenuating exercise. Glycaemic, insulinemic, and lipidic profile (triglycerides, total-cholesterol) were evaluated, as well as inflammatory (serum CRPhs, TNF-α, adiponectin) and oxidative (lipidic peroxidation and uric acid) status. When compared to obese diabetic sedentary rats, the animals submitted to acute exercise presented significantly lower values of glycaemia and insulinaemia, with inflammatory profile and oxidative stress significantly aggravated. The trained animals showed amelioration of glycaemic and lipidic dysmetabolism, accompanied by remarkable reduction of inflammatory and oxidative markers. In conclusion, the results presented herein suggessted that exercise pathogenesis-oriented interventions should not exacerbate underlying inflammatory stress associated with T2DM.

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This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Goncalves, R. S., Pinheiro, J., Cabri, J. M. H. (2012) Results: Multiple stepwise regression analyses revealed that knee muscle strength, VAS of pain intensity, 6MWT, degree of knee flexion and BMI were significant predictors of at least two dimensions of knee-specific or generic physical health status. In the final models, the values of adjusted R 2 indicated that the selected combinations of these potentially modifiable physical factors explained 22.3% to 37.1% of the variance in KOOS subscales scores, 40.2% of the variance in KOS-ADLS scale score, and 20.8% to 34.0% of the variance in physical health SF-36 subscales scores. Conclusion:Physical therapists could take into consideration these moderate predictors of health status, albeit in an indirect way, to get a somewhat broader perspective on the impact of knee OA on their patients.