Purpose – This paper aims to contribute towards a better understanding of the partner selection process, which anticipates a successful co-opetition partnership. Co-opetition partnerships refer to developing cooperation efforts between competitors. The scarcity of studies conducted in this field to date provides limited contribution for the understanding of the partner selection process in this, particularly, paradoxical concept. Design/methodology/approach – This study follows a methodology based on systematic combining for the qualitative analysis of four cases of domestic co-opetition in Portugal. A sample range of eight companies was selected for a series of semi-structured interviews. Testimonials were transcribed and data coded for content analysis. Findings – Results indicate that prior personal relationships between decision-makers are facilitators for the implementation of cooperation partnerships with competitors. Based on these findings, this paper proposes a three-step model to explain the process of partner selection for co-opetition partnerships. According to this model, after opting to commence a new coopetitive business alliance, the manager undergoes a first unconscious selection based on his/her own prior personal relationships, followed by a conscious and judicious selection based on specific criteria related to partner’s operational skills, resources, effectiveness and trust. Research limitations/implications – Given that the sample is entirely formed by companies from one single country, further research would benefit from the inclusion of other countries expressing different business contexts and cultural environments. Originality/value – The value of paper derives from the comprehensive realization of partner selection for domestic co-opetition as fundamentally a network-related process.
The close contact between patients and community pharmacists, along with the extensive geographical distribution of pharmacies in Portugal, offer exceptional conditions to detect and report adverse drug reactions (ADR). This study aimed to evaluate the motivation and knowledge of spontaneous reporting of ADR by community pharmacists of Porto, Portugal. Secondly, we aimed to generate real-world evidence on the main factors determining ADR report and at raising potential alternatives to the current reporting procedure in community pharmacy. We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, anonymous web survey-based study. Between April and July 2021, a web survey was implemented, targeting community pharmacists in the Porto district, Portugal. We validated 217 surveys from pharmacists. Regular notifiers seem to be more familiarised than non-regular notifiers with the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System (PPS), with the Portal RAM for reporting suspected ADR, and with the update of the concept of ADR. Moreover, regular notifiers seem to be more proactive with their care in questioning patients about ADR and have more self-knowledge to identify suspected ADR. Conversely, non-regular notifiers, seem to be more reluctant to be judged by their ADR reporting activities. Respondents suggested to simplify and optimise the reporting process (31% of the suggestions), or to integrate a reporting platform into the pharmacy’s software (27%). This study identified opportunities to promote the ADR reporting process by community pharmacists, namely receiving feedback from the PPS on the reported case and its regulatory implications, implementing training programs in pharmacovigilance, and creating solutions to simplify the reporting process.
Introduction: Phase IV trials evaluate drugs' efficacy, safety, and tolerability in a realworld setting, which may provide evidence related to the safety of approved drugs. This study aimed to characterize the phase IV clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov targeting COVID-19 and reflect on future needs for post-marketing clinical trials. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in the ClinitalTrials.gov database with phase IV clinical trials addressed to COVID-19. The search was carried out on March 23rd, 2021, considering search filters for this disease. Results: A total of 146 protocols were retrieved through a structured search. The results showed the need to promote new, blinded, and larger sample-size phase IV clinical trials. 93.9% of the clinical trials were funded by individuals, universities, and organizations (category "other" funders), and 56.8% were open-label. America and Europe played a more critical role in phase IV clinical trials, with the former leading with 58 trials spread across five countries and the latter with 38 trials in 17 countries. More than two-thirds of the trials (69.8%) included 500 participants. Conclusions: For the observed period, phase IV clinical trials registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov were dominated by short-term follow-up, open-label designs, small sample sizes, funded mainly by individuals, universities, and organizations, and centered mainly in America and Europe. The methodological features of future studies should be emphasized, namely adequate sample sizes, for which appropriate funding for the implementation of these studies is paramount.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.