Abstract:The objective of this study was to characterize artisanal spirits of cane sugar produced in the regions of Alpercatas and Sertão Maranhense -MA, as the secondary components, organic and inorganic contaminants, and compare the results with the standards established by the legislation that approves the technical regulations for setting of identity and quality standards for spirits and cachaça of sugarcane in Brazil. They were analyzed thirteen samples from two regions by physicochemical and chromatographic methods as to their quality standards. The evaluated samples showed alcohol content levels, copper, lead, volatile acidity, higher alcohols and methanol, within the limits required by national legislation. However, some samples showed values for the content of ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol and sec-butyl alcohol higher than the identity and quality standards established by brazilian legislation. Acetaldehyde values were found higher than established by legislation in all samples. These data indicate reinforce the need to implement appropriate training for artisan producers and the importance of exchanging experiences with producers in other rural or urban centers where product quality is better, in order to suppress their technological difficulties and obtain a product best quality. Keywords:Artisanal brandies; quality control; chromatography; secondary compounds; organic contaminants. ResumoObjetivou-se, com este trabalho, caracterizar aguardentes artesanais de cana-de-açúcar produzidas nas regiões de Alpercatas e Sertão Maranhense -MA, quanto aos componentes secundários, contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos, e comparar os resultados com as normas estabelecidas pela Instrução Normativa que aprova o regulamento técnico para fixação dos padrões de identidade e qualidade para aguardentes e cachaças de cana-deaçúcar no Brasil. Foram analisadas treze amostras de duas regiões maranhenses mediante métodos físico-químicos e cromatográficos quanto aos seus padrões de qualidade. As amostras avaliadas apresentaram teores de grau alcoólico, cobre, chumbo, acidez volátil, alcoóis superiores e metanol, dentro dos limites exigidos pela legislação nacional. Entretanto, algumas amostras apresentaram valores para os teores de acetato de etila, álcool n-butílico e álcool sec-butílico em desacordo com os padrões de identidade e qualidade estabelecidos pela Legislação brasileira. Foram verificados valores de acetaldeído superiores ao estabelecido pela Legislação em todas as amostras. Esses dados indicam reforçam a necessidade da implantação de treinamentos adequados para os produtores artesanais, além da importância da troca de experiências com produtores de outros centros rurais ou urbanos onde a qualidade do produto é melhor, a fim de suprimir suas dificuldades tecnológicas e obter um produto de melhor

Abstract. Pollution of water bodies due to the presence of toxic metals and organic compounds, bring out a series of environmental problems of public, government and social character. In addition, water pollution, has become the target and source of concern in many industrial sectors. Therefore, it is essential to develop technologies for treatment and purification of water. Chitosan is a natural product derived from chitin, extracted mainly from the shells of crustaceans. It is a low cost, renewable and biodegradable biopolymer of great socioeconomic and environmental importance. The classic treatment of wastewater containing metals involves physical chemistry processes of precipitation, ion exchange and electrochemistry. Electrochemical technology has been presented as the most promising methods for treating wastewater polluted with metals, colloids, dyes or oil in water emulsions; besides being used in removing organic compounds. Alternative methods like adsorption with biosorbents have been investigated. The great advantage of this latter over other techniques is the low generation of residues, easy recovery of metals and the possibility of reuse of the adsorbent. This article aimed to carry out an exploratory study, of bibliographical nature, on the use of chitosan in electrochemical methods for water treatment.

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