Several everyday facts are complex and require interaction of different areas of knowledge for assimilation, since individualizing the sources of searches reduces the possibilities of resolutions, which could allow the understanding of the studied phenomena. So that this does not happen mainly with more complex subjects such as chemistry and physics, contextualized and interdisciplinary working methods are needed, which are a more dynamic form of teaching. Taking this scenario into consideration, together with the Teaching Initiation Program (PID), which aims to contribute to the improvement of undergraduate education, this work was developed with the purpose of creating forms that will contribute to the learning of undergraduate students.. With this scope of motivating students and facilitating the compression of certain subjects, it was possible to carry out several activities for this purpose; such as the implementation of classes with "Investigative Practices", the holding of the "Chemistry Olympiad", and the use of the digital platform "Kahoot" through Quiz to reinforce the content studied. The activity carried out has shown good results both in surveys of evaluations (satisfaction) with students, as well as in their academic performance. With all the advantages that these practices have been showing, other teachers are also becoming adept at active teaching methodologies, to teach their classes in a more dynamic way.
ObjectiveHuman bodies are considered essential for teaching and research purposes involving the health sciences. To have a good understanding of the body structure and function, it is necessary throughout the graduation to grant opportunities for the study of anatomy directly from actual bodies. Therefore, the Body Donation Program at UFCSPA (BDP) was developed to fulfill the need of the university for material to the teaching of anatomy. However, it is still necessary to expand the understanding regarding body donation to the population, so that the project can be effectively implemented. To achieve this objective, this study aims to identify the demographic characteristics of the people registered in the program as an alternative to develop marketing strategies focused of the potential donors.MethodsThe study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFCSPA (No. 721/2008). The data were collected using a specific form filled out by the donors or their family members at the time of registration. It included data from the time of the program's creation, in January 2008, to June 2016. All individuals who participated in the study completed and signed a consent form at the time of registration. The survey included 12 questions covering demographic, socioeconomic and health related aspects.ResultsData from 414 donors were analyzed. It was verified that 60% of the donors were 60 or older, being the majority female (62.9%), single, divorced and widowed donors (70.9%), and 26% of the donors had at least one family member already registered in the database. Most of the registrants (89%) claimed to have religious beliefs. There was no prevalence of health science professionals or students of health sciences among the donors. It was found, however, that the generic profile of the donors is represented by educated individuals, with 93,8% of them having completed high school, and individuals defined as belonging to the middle class (40,4%). Most of the registrants heard about the BDP through the press.ConclusionSince the study had the objective to expand knowledges about the possibility of the body donation, the results can be useful to universities faced with the problem of acquiring bodies for academic purposes. It may be beneficial to consider implementing body donation programs, and those universities that already have an ongoing program should consider targeting their campaigns more precisely. Furthermore, a higher number of studies aiming the analysis of shared aspects among donors would be even more useful, since a better understanding of donor populations can be advantageous for recruitment campaigns.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Indonesian clove cigarettes—called “kretek” due to the crackling sound that can be heard when the product burns—are tobacco products containing clove and the "saus", a mixture of essential oils and plant extracts whose ingredients are mostly kept in secret. It is important to determine which ingredients those are to properly assess the effects that clove cigarettes can cause. An organoleptic, qualitative and quantitative analysis was made in 9 different brands of clove cigarettes obtained in Brazil. Nicotine, eugenol, menthol, and β-caryophyllene were quantified through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The samples presented 20 different compounds, and all samples had a different combination of the compounds. Nicotine concentrations were generally higher than eugenol, and lower than nicotine concentration in a conventional cigarette. One sample had menthol even though the cigarette pack did not inform that it was a menthol product. There were traces of 2 unusual substances. Clindamycin is an antibiotic that can be used to treat bacterial infections in respiratory airways, and octodrine is an amphetaminic stimulant used in nutritional supplements, considered as a substance of doping by the World Anti-Doping Association. The presence of both substances was not tested using certified reference materials, but its possible presence raises concern about the compounds in kretek cigarettes. There should be more studies about the contents of clove cigarettes, to improve antitobacco legislations and regulations. This way it would be possible to properly inform the risks of smoking clove cigarettes and to diminish the number of tobacco users throughout the world.
Cannabis sativaL. is one of the most consumed drugs in the world and recent studies have associated its use with an increase in the number of traffic accidents in different countries. In many countries, like Brazil, simple and reliable methodologies are still needed for the detection of drugs on site, mainly cannabinoids, considering its prevalence of use and oral fluid (OF) has been proved as an appropriate biological matrix for this purpose. Considering that, this work aims to review previous studies on immunochromatographic devices for on-site detection of cannabinoids in OF, discussing their sensitivity, specificity, cut-offs values and confirmatory methods. This data shows the importance of choosing a screening device and it reinforces the need for its implementation in Brazil. The research was conducted on 5 databases and all original articles, published in the last 10 years, were selected. A total of 32 articles were found, providing data for 17 screening devices of distinct brands. Only 2 screening devices showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in the evaluated studies (≥80% and ≥90% respectively). However, it should be considered that the screening devices still have some limitations, such as a higher cut-off than those recommended by international guidelines (cut-off > 2 ng/mL), therefore demonstrating the need for more studies in the area and the importance of confirmatory analysis usually fulfilled by LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS or GC-MS. Thus, the screening analyzes should not be evaluated by itself, but in association with confirmatory results and observational traits (behavioral changes), for a better understanding of the traffic scenario.
ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the motivations of the body donors subscribed at the Body Donation Program (BDP) at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA).MethodsThe study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at UFCSPA (No. 721/2008). Data were gathered from the time of the program's creation, in January 2008, to June 2016, using a specific form filled out by the donors or their family members at the time of registration. All individuals who participated in the study completed and signed a consent form at the time of registration. The survey was formulated from 12 questions that included demographic data on gender, age, ethnicity, relationship status, educational and socioeconomic levels, as well as the reasons of the donation. The data were collected in the Database of the Body Donation Program and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Chi‐square tests of independence were used to analyze the existence of any statistically significant association between the categorical variables on the register. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 for all the analyses.ResultsData from 414 donors registered in the BDP were analyzed. The entries of two people who dropped out of the program and of 9 entries relating the donated bodies of stillbirths/miscarriages were excluded from the analysis. The average number of registrations per year was 46 (SD ± 16.46); 72 bodies were received in the period of analysis. A total of 213 potential donors answered this question. Considering that the question regarding the motivations for donation allowed multiple responses (each donor could choose more than one alternative), the total number of answers was 319. Among the listed motivations, 200 (61.5%) answers corresponded to a desire for supporting society and science, 44 answers (13.5%) expressed a dislike for burial or cremation, 37 registrants (11.4%) expressed gratitude for the attention of doctors and other medical professional, 32 (9.8%) of the responders did not want to cause a financial burden for the family, 6 (1.8%) of them had no family, and another 6 (1.8%) had other motivations. Together, the desire to aid society and science, along with gratitude for the care received from health professionals stood out as strong motivators towards body donation (74.3%). An analysis of the association was conducted relating lower educational levels, lower income among the donors and motivations of the donation. A statistically significant association was found (p=0.04) between lower educational levels (maximum ‐ high school or technical school) and the motivation regarding the reluctance in causing a financial burden for the family. However, when analyzed the association between this motivation for donation and the donor's monthly income, no statistically significant association was found.ConclusionThe majority of registrants that declared motivation for donation related to the financial burden for the family were in the low income and low educational level groups. However, this motivation corresponded to a small percentage (9.8%), with most of the choices being related to the “desire to help society and science” as well as to “express gratitude for the care provided by health care professionals”. This behavior might be related to the idea of being useful after death and suggest that for most of the donors registered on the BDP, donation appears to be altruistic.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
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