Ubiquitous Knowledge Discovery is a new research area at the intersection of machine learning and data mining with mobile and distributed systems. In this paper the main characteristics of the objects of study are defined and a high-level framework for analyzing ubiquitous knowledge discovery systems is introduced. Next, a number of examples from a broad range of application areas are reviewed and analyzed in terms of this framework. Based on this material, important characteristics of this field are identified and a number of research challenges are discussed.
Ubiquitous Knowledge DiscoveryKnowledge Discovery in ubiquitous environments (KDUbiq) is an emerging area of research at the intersection of the two major challenges of highly distributed and mobile systems and advanced knowledge discovery systems.Today, in many subfields of computer science and engineering, being intelligent and adaptive marks the difference between a system that works in a complex and changing environment and a system that does not work. Hence, projects across many areas, ranging from Web 2.0 to ubiquitous computing and robotics, aim to create systems which are "smart", "intelligent", "adaptive" etc., allowing to solve problems that could not be solved before. A central assumption of KDUbiq is that what seems to be a bewildering array of different methodologies and approaches for building smart, adaptive, intelligent systems, can be cast into a coherent, integrated set of key ideas centered on the notion of learning from experience.Focusing on these key ideas, KDUbiq provides a unifying framework for systematically investigating the mutual dependencies of otherwise quite unrelated technologies employed in building next-generation intelligent systems: machine learning, data mining, sensor networks, grids, P2P, data stream mining, activity recognition, Web 2.0, privacy, user modeling and others. Machine learning and data mining emerge as basic methodologies and indispensable building blocks for some of the most difficult computer science and engineering challenges of the next decade.From a high-level perspective, key characteristics of an ubiquitous knowledge discovery application are:C1. Time and space. The objects of analysis exist in time and space. Often they are able to move.C2. Dynamic environment. These objects might not be stable over the life-time of an application. Instead they might appear or disappear. They exist in a dynamic and unstable environment, evolving incrementally over time.C3. Information processing capability. The objects are endowed with information processing capabilities.C4. Locality. The objects never see the global picture, knowing only their local spatio-temporal environment.C5. Real-Time. Because they typically have to take decisions or even act upon their environment, analysis and inference has to be done in real-time, and not only on historic data; the models have to evolve incrementally in correspondence with the evolving environment.C6. Distributed. In many cases the object will be able to excha...