A possible way to increase thermal conductivity of working fluids, while keeping pressure drop at acceptable levels, is through nanofluids. Nanofluids are nano-sized particles dispersed in conventional working fluids. A great number of materials have potential to be used in nanoparticles production and then in nanofluids; one of them is Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT). They have thermal conductivity around 3000 W/mK while other materials used as nanoparticles like CuO have thermal conductivity of 76.5 W/mK. Due to this fact, MWCNT nanoparticles have potential to be used in nanofluids production, aiming to increase heat transfer rate in energy systems. In this context, the main goal of this paper is to evaluate from the synthesis to the experimental measurement of thermal conductivity of nanofluid samples based on functionalized (−OH) MWCNT nanoparticles. They will be analyzed nanoparticles with different functionalization degrees (4% wt, 6% wt, and 9% wt). In addition, it will be quantified other thermophysical properties (dynamic viscosity, specific heat and specific mass) of the synthetized nanofluids. So, the present work can contribute with experimental data that will help researches in the study and development of MWCNT nanofluids. According to the results, the maximum increment obtained in thermal conductivity was 10.65% in relation to the base fluid (water).
ResumoO atual contexto energético e ambiental exige cada vez mais que os processos industriais gerem produtos com menos impactos ambientais, consumam menos recursos naturais e energia. Dentre esses processos estão os relacionados com a produção de aço. Basicamente, existem duas possibilidades para obtenção desse metal. A primeira, rota integrada, obtém o aço utilizando o minério de ferro como matéria prima. A segunda, rota semi-integrada, obtém o mesmo metal por meio da fusão de sucatas metálicas recicladas. Nesse contexto, os objetivos deste trabalho são definir uma possível fonte de sucata metálica para o setor siderúrgico e determinar qual dessas alternativas de produção do aço é mais eficiente do ponto de vista energético e ambiental. A fonte de sucata metálica proposta para a produção de aço são veículos reciclados. A metodologia utilizada na avaliação dos processos de produção do aço é a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Os resultados mostram uma redução global no consumo de materiais e energia bem como na geração de impactos ambientais em função da utilização de sucatas metálicas provenientes de veículos reciclados para a produção de aço. Palavras-chave: Aço; Reciclagem veicular; Análise de ciclo de vida; Eficiência. VEHICLE RECYCLING AND THE GLOBAL BENEFITS DUE TO USING METAL SCRAP FOR STEEL PRODUCTION AbstractThe current energy and environmental contexts require that industrial processes make products with less environmental impacts, consume less natural resources and energy. Among these processes are those related to steel production. Basically, there are two possibilities to obtain it. The first, integrated route, obtains this metal from iron ore as raw material. The second, semi-integrated route produces it by merging recycled metal scrap. In that context, the objectives of this work are define a possible source of metal scrap for steel industry and determine which of those routes produce steel with less environmental impacts generation, less natural resources and energy consumption. The source of metal scrap proposal for steel production is vehicle recycling. The methodology used to evaluate steel production processes is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).The results show an overall significant reduction in energy and natural resource consumption and less environmental impacts generation due to using metal scrap from vehicle recycling to produce steel.
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