RESUMOObjetivo: apresentar uma visão atualizada e ampla da ansiedade em sua manifestação patológica, suas bases neurais e o avanço na sua abordagem terapêutica psicofarmacológica. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura usando como fonte de pesquisa artigos indexados pela base de dados Pubmed, Medline e pesquisas em livros específicos que investigaram a ansiedade em seu aspecto patológico. Resultados: A literatura revelou que na gênese dos transtornos da ansiedade vários neurotransmissores são implicados, uma vez que eles participam, em maior ou menor grau, da modulação e regulação dos comportamentos defensivos. As evidências obtidas até então permitem constatar o progresso alcançado no tratamento dos transtornos da ansiedade com a utilização dos benzodiazepínicos e, mais recentemente, com o uso de antidepressivos. Novas alternativas para o tratamento dos transtornos da ansiedade envolvem pesquisas relacionadas à descoberta de novos antidepressivos, ao uso de peptídeos neuroativos, como a colecistocinina (CCK), fator de liberação de corticotropina (CRH), neuropetídeo Y, e antagonistas do receptor glutamatérgico NMDA. Conclusão: Observa-se o progresso alcançado no tratamento farmacológico dos transtornos da ansiedade com a utilização principalmente dos antidepressivos. Entretanto, um longo caminho ainda haverá que ser trilhado em busca de novas opções terapêuticas para abordagem destes transtornos. DESCRITORESAnsiedade. Psicofarmacologia. Ansiolíticos. Antidepressivos. SUMMARY Objective:To present an updated and broad perspective of anxiety concerning its pathological manifestation, neural bases and the progress in its psychopharmacological therapeutic approach. Method: It was conduced a literature review whose source of research was papers indexed by the database Pubmed, Medline and researches from specific books that investigated the anxiety in its pathological aspect. Results: As regards the genesis of anxiety disorders, several neurotransmitters are involved since they participate, in a greater or lesser degree, in the modulation and regulation of defensive behaviors. The evidence obtained so far allows noting the progress achieved in the treatment of anxiety disorders with the use of benzodiazepines and, more recently, antidepressants. New alternatives for the treatment of the anxiety-related disorders involve researches related to the discovery of new antidepressants, to the use of neuroactive peptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK), corticotropin releasing factor (CRH), neuropeptide Y, and antagonists of glutamatergic NMDA receptor. Conclusion: Advances can be observed in the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders mainly by using antidepressants. However, there is still a long way to be followed in order to find new therapeutic options for these disorders.
This study is the result of research conducted by senior students of the Nursing Course on the conceptions of the mental health/disease process in the perspective of the Psychiatric Reform proposed countrywide. It was based on the theoretical-methodological system of the Historical and Dialectical Materialism and it has Work as its category of analysis. The empirical material was analyzed through the Speech Analysis technique. The themes gathered from the speeches converged into the formation of an empirical category that refers to the reproduction of the knowledge of traditional psychiatry in the teaching of Nursing, indicating a professional education based on that conservative social position.
The objective of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects of the essential oil (EO) of Citrus aurantium L. in patients experiencing crack withdrawal. This was developed with internal users in therapeutic communities in Paraíba, Brazil. The test population consisted of 51 volunteers, subdivided into three groups. To elicit anxiety, the Simulated Public Speaking (SPS) method was used. Physiological measures were assessed at specific phases during the experiment using appropriate equipment. Psychological measures of anxiety were assessed using the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (IDATE) and the Analog Smoke Scale (HAS). EO was administered by nebulization. The experiment was developed in individual sessions and consolidated to four phases. The results demonstrated that the test subjects in the groups that were given the EO maintained controlled anxiety levels during SPS, when compared to the Control Group (no treatment). Subjects who used the EO also maintained levels of “discomfort” and “cognitive impairment” during SPS. It was concluded that individuals who are experiencing internal crack cocaine withdrawal present high anxiety traits and that nebulization of the EO of Citrus aurantium L. provided an acute anxiolytic effect in crack cocaine users exposed to SPS.
Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de ansiedad en el personal de enfermería de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, con énfasis en los aspectos clave para la aparición de la ansiedad.<br />Método: Estudio descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo transversal, constituido por 28 técnicos de enfermería, mediante el Inventario de Ansiedad Traço-Estado (IDATE) como una herramienta para la recolección de datos.<br />Resultados: 8 técnicos de enfermería mostraron niveles de alta ansiedad alta 20 baja ansiedad. Hubo un aumento en la puntuación en el IDATE-E en el momento durante la realización de actividades, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación al momento antes. Los bajos salarios, la carga de trabajo y la devaluación profesional fueron identificados como factores responsables de causar la aparición de la ansiedad en el contexto del trabajo.<br />Conclusión: El estudio muestra un predominio de baja ansiedad entre la población estudiada, sin embargo, fue posible detectar factores desencadenantes de ansiedad, lo que indica que estos aspectos pueden dañar la peculiaridad de la asistencia a los usuarios.<br /><br />
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