A interceptação das chuvas (I) pela vegetação pode afetar o comportamento hidrológico de uma bacia hidrográfica, influenciando os processos de modelagem hidrológica. As limitações do monitoramento e a grande variedade do clima e da vegetação brasileira dificultam as estimativas do processo de interceptação e; por isso, essa variável é geralmente negligenciada ou subestimada durante as modelagens hidrológicas. Esse estudo analisou a interceptação da chuva em duas florestas de mata nativa, características do Bioma Mata Atlântica (parcelas MA1 e MA2), e uma floresta de eucalipto (parcela RE); localizadas na região sul do Brasil. A precipitação interna (Pi) e o escoamento pelo tronco (Et) foram monitorados por coletores de baixo custo, sendo utilizados 40 coletores de Pi
The sediment production has been the focus of many studies due to the problems caused by the alterations of the natural environment which are driven by the urbanization process. In Santa Maria, Brazil, the urban area expansion and population growth have caused changes in the environment, such as in the structure and natural form of the land, in drainage channels, quality and quantity of water resources, soil sealing and intensive agricultural cultivation. Consequently, studies are necessary to quantify the sediment in rivers for a better understanding and also to develop tools in order to minimize impacts to the environment. This study assesses the relationship between turbidity and suspended sediment concentration from a small hydrographic basin located in Santa Maria (Brazil). The methodology was based on monitoring the suspended sediment transport using automated turbidity registrations and suspended sediment samples, which were collected by automatic ISCO sampler. To do so, four field measurements were carried out from September 2 to October 6, 2014. The results of this work indicated a good correlation between the suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) and turbidity (T), r = 0.8602, (P < 0.001), when the SSC data were analyzed as a function of T it was observed that follow a model = 0.833 .(P < 0.001), with a coefficient of determination R 2 = 0.740. Therefore, it may be a good alternative to generate continuous records of suspended sediment concentrations in rivers as a tool for water management in a hydrographic basin.
Abstract:This study aims at monitoring the behaviour of the rainfall, runoff, drainage, soil water storage, and evapotranspiration variables involved in the water balance measured by lysimeter data. The evaluation of the water balance considered different time scales, where the components were monitored daily and in 10-day accumulated period intervals. The results demonstrated that in wet periods the soil water content was greater at a depth of 10 cm, whereas in the dry periods a greater concentration was observed at 70 cm depth. At the depth of 30 cm, the lowest values of soil water content were observed for both wet and dry periods. The results, obtained through the use of tensiometers and time domain reflectometry installed internally and externally to the lysimeter, were very close, which was more noticeable during the periods of lower water loss by the soil. The water balance, calculated from the lysimeter data, demonstrated that 70% of the total rainfall was lost by the process of evapotranspiration. The drainage accounted for 27Ð5% of the precipitated water, highlighting the fact that this component should not be disregarded in the water balance calculation.
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