Utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, este artigo investiga uma das características culturais predominantes nas sociedades contemporâneas, a busca da satisfação através do consumo exagerado de bens, associada às consequências ambientais pela ampliação na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Contextualiza a situação atual e os instrumentos de políticas aplicáveis à minimização na geração desses resíduos no Brasil. Conclui que a combinação de instrumentos de comando e controle, econômicos e de comunicação permite melhorias, desde que a gestão de resíduos urbanos seja percebida de forma sistêmica e holística.
The Rio dos Sinos watershed is located in the eastern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and includes 32 municipalities. These municipalities develop several different economic activities such as farming and livestock along the 190 km length of the Rio dos Sinos, one of the rivers with the worst quality of water in Brazil. The region is also characterised by growing urbanisation and heavy industrialisation. The main economic activity is the leather and footwear industry. This diversified land use puts the Rio dos Sinos watershed at risk of a wide range of potential environmental impacts. The aim of the present article is to discuss the socioeconomic process currently implemented in the Rio dos Sinos watershed and the effect of these human actions on the environmental quality described throughout this special issue of the Brazilian Journal of Biology.Keywords: Rio dos Sinos watershed, environmental impact, socioeconomic characterization. A bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos: um espaço econômico e social e sua interferência na situação ambiental ResumoA bacia hidrográfica do rio dos Sinos está localizada na região leste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e inclui 32 municípios. Esses municípios desenvolvem diferentes atividades econômicas diversas, como a agricultura e a pecuária ao longo dos 190 km de extensão do rio dos Sinos, um dos rios com qualidade de água mais baixa no Brasil. A região também é caracterizada pela crescente urbanização e intensa industrialização. A principal atividade econômica é a indústria do couro e do calçado. Esta ocupação diversificada coloca a bacia do rio dos Sinos em risco de uma vasta gama de potenciais impactos ambientais. O objetivo do presente artigo é discutir o processo socioeconômico implementado atualmente na bacia hidrográfica do rio dos Sinos e os efeitos dessas ações humanas sobre a qualidade ambiental descrita ao longo desta edição especial da Revista Brasileira de Biologia.Palavras-chave: bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos, impacto ambiental, caracterização socioeconômica.
Globalization of the economy and the need to achieve competitiveness drive organizations to invest in technology and in innovation, in order to find solutions that will provide advantages in an ever-more competitive market. The conflict between dwindling natural resources and the demand for economic growth has created a growing need to find means for making environmental conservation compatible with economic growth. The objective of this study is to contribute to the debate by analyzing the innovations implemented by chemical companies in the Sinos Valley region, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and by identifying the motivations that drive them to develop environmental technologies. The study is exploratory and descriptive, with a quantitative data collection component in the form of a survey sent to all chemical companies in the Sinos Valley region, listed in a local business association database. The study results indicate that development of innovations is predominantly of an incremental nature and that novelty is generally restricted to the new-for-firm level. The environmental technologies implemented are generally designed to prevent or remedy environmental damage and are primarily motivated by the need to comply with environmental standards and legislation.
Water is increasingly becoming a valuable resource, constituting one of the central themes of environmental, economic and social discussions. The Sinos River, located in southern Brazil, is the main river from the Sinos River Basin, representing a source of drinking water supply for a highly populated region. Considering its size and importance, it becomes necessary to conduct a study to follow up the water quality of this river, which is considered by some experts as one of the most polluted rivers in Brazil. As for this study, its great importance lies in the historical analysis of indicators. In this sense, we sought to develop aspects related to the management of water resources by performing a historical analysis of the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Sinos River, using statistical methods. With regard to the methodological procedures, it should be pointed out that this study performs a time analysis of monitoring data on parameters related to a punctual measurement that is variable in time, using statistical tools. The data used refer to analyses of the water quality of the Sinos River (WQI) from the State Environmental Protection Agency Henrique Luiz Roessler (Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luiz Roessler, FEPAM) covering the period between 2000 and 2008, as well as to a theoretical analysis focusing on the management of water resources. The study of WQI and its parameters by statistical analysis has shown to be effective, ensuring its effectiveness as a tool for the management of water resources. The descriptive analysis of the WQI and its parameters showed that the water quality of the Sinos River is concerning low, which reaffirms that it is one of the most polluted rivers in Brazil. It should be highlighted that there was an overall difficulty in obtaining data with the appropriate periodicity, as well as a long complete series, which limited the conduction of statistical studies such as the present one.Keywords: WQI -Water Quality Index, management of water resources, statistical analysis. Histórico dos parâmetros de qualidade da água -um estudo do Rio dos Sinos/RS -Brasil
ResumoAs alterações geradas pelo desenvolvimento industrial e o aumento populacional, motivou uma adaptação da produção de alimentos. O uso de agrotóxicos em lavouras aumenta a produção e a rentabilidade. Se por um lado auxilia à produção, por outro representa riscos de poluição. Em decorrência deste cenário propomos uma reflexão frente à percepção de risco da comunidade ribeirinha do Vale do Rio dos Sinos em relação ao uso de defensivos agrícolas e a sua saúde. Aplicaram-se 89 questionários abordando questões sobre a utilização de agrotóxicos, a saúde dos manipuladores e também frente a prejuízos ao meio ambiente. Os resultados deste levantamento apontam que 38,2% dos entrevistados concordam completamente que é possível a produção agrícola sem o uso de agrotóxicos e inseticidas, 73,9% concordam completamente que os produtos químicos utilizados causam danos à saúde, para 82% não existe a necessidade de uso de produtos químicos no seu trabalho. Entretanto 86,5% acreditam que estes não oferecem risco ao meio ambiente e 7,9% relataram apresentar problemas de saúde relacionada ao uso de agrotóxicos na lavoura. A análise deste estudo se dá por meio das teorias da sociedade de risco proposta por Douglas, Giddens, Beck e as relações de representação, proposta por Goffman.Palavras-chave: Percepção de risco, comunidade ribeirinha, Vale do Rio dos Sinos, agrotóxicos, defensivos agrícolas. AbstractThe changes generated by industrial development and population growth, led to an adaptation of food production. The use of pesticides in crops increases production and profitability. In one hand it helps the production, but there are risks of pollution. As a result of this scenario we propose a reflection across the risk perception of the riverside community of Vale do Rio dos Sinos regarding the use of pesticides and health. Overall, 89 questionnaires addressing issues on the use of pesticides, the health of handlers and also against environmental damage were applied. The results of this survey indicate that 38.2 % of respondents agree completely that agricultural production is possible without the use of pesticides and insecticides, 73.9 % completely agree that the chemicals cause damage to health, there is a 82 % need to use chemicals in their work. However 86.5 % believe that they do not offer risk to the environment and 7.9 % reported having health problems related to the use of pesticides in farming. The analysis of this study is through theories of risk society proposed by Douglas, Giddens, Beck and relations of representation proposed by Goffman.
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