The study explicates a competency-based model of contemporary social work management practice and compares this model with frameworks derived from earlier studies. Using a purposive sample of 184 social work managers throughout the country, an exploratory factor analysis yielded twelve sets of competencies required of today's social work manager. A comparison of the present model to earlier management frameworks reveals that substantive changes in the nature, scope, complexity, and priorities assigned to management competencies and skills have transformed the role of the social work manager over the last decade. Implications for social work manager education are reviewed and future research directions are proposed.
Women on welfare can make effective use of higher education opportunities to improve their economic status and pursue new careers. The study reported in this article found that after graduation, most of the 103 women were employed and off welfare and that the women's perseverance, desire to get a job, and receipt of financial aid were the primary factors in their success. Implications for welfare policies and practice are discussed.The Family Support Act of 1988 has provided new impetus for legislators, policymakers, and other human services professionals to question where welfare funds are best directed in the long-term effort to remove low-income families from dependence on welfare. The culmination of many years'
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