A novel halophilic bacterium of the genus Kangiella was isolated from a marine sponge collected from the Florida Keys, USA. Strain A79T , an aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, grew in 2-15 % (w/v) NaCl, at a temperature of 10-49 6C and at pH 4.5-10. Phylogenetic analysis placed strain A79 T in the family Alcanivoraceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain A79 T showed 98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity toKangiella japonica KMM 3899 T , 96.6 % similarity to Kangiella koreensis DSM 16069 T and 95.6 % similarity to Kangiella aquimarina DSM 16071 T . The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 11 : 0 , iso-C 11 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 1 v9c and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.9 mol%. On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons, strain A79 T represents a novel species in the genus Kangiella, for which the name Kangiella spongicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A79 T (5ATCC BAA-2076Marine sponges are filter-feeders, and, although microorganisms are a major component of the sponge diet, several studies have shown that sponges also harbour a diverse array of bacterial species, many of which have yet to be cultivated (Hill, 2004;Hentschel et al., 2006;Taylor et al., 2007). Sponges are highly diverse and are found in nearly every aquatic habitat and play important ecological roles (Wörheide & Erpenbeck, 2007). Hentschel et al. (2006) found great differences in the density and diversity of sponge microbial communities compared with those of the immediate surrounding seawater, indicating selection for particular bacterial species by the sponge animal. Studies of the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and marine sponges suggest that many associated micro-organisms aid in the homeostasis of the sponge (Hentschel et al., 2006;Hill, 2004;Lee et al., 2001). The precise roles of the sponge microbiota, although intimately linked to the host animal, have not been clearly determined.In this study, a novel bacterium, strain A79 T , was isolated from a Chondrilla nucula sponge, collected from the Florida Keys, USA (Carolina Biological Supply Company), and delivered to the laboratory in plastic bags in seawater within a few days of collection. Sponge tissue was aseptically cut and ground with a mortar and pestle. The cell extract was inoculated into marine broth 2216 (37.4 g l 21 ; BD Difco; MB) and incubated at 28 u C for 7 days. A 100 ml aliquot of a 10 7 dilution of this enrichment culture was spread-plated on marine agar, pH 7.6 (MA; BD Difco). Individual colonies were isolated and purified through sequential streak plating. One of the isolates, designated strain A79 T , was selected (based on preliminary identification) for further analysis. Bacterial stocks were stored at 280 u C in MB containing 40 % glycerol.Colony and cell morphology of strain A79T were observed after growth at room temperature and at 28 u C on MA. Gram staining was determined following the protocols of Murray et al. (1994). Cell morphology was ...
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