Since its inception the General Data Protection Regulation has introduced a number of rights and obligations that relate to the personal data processing. As the Regulation requires that all information about data subjects’ rights be conveyed in a clear and plain language (transparency principle), this study focuses on the linguistic means of expressing rights and obligations in the GDPR based privacy notices. The article aims at scrutinising the features and context of deontic expressions which may influence the clear message. The research corpus consists of fourteen privacy notices of Finnish design companies which were analysed in order to identify deontic expressions. They were juxtaposed with the GDPR text and some discrepancies were found in their frequency and modal patterns. The qualitative analysis of the expressions with the help of Easy Language Meter criteria for Finnish revealed that privacy notices show simplifying tendencies like choice of modal expressions, the use of certain subjects and the way of addressing the reader. These comply with the Plain Language principles and thus the transparency principle highlighted in the GDPR.
The aim of this article is to highlight an issue of expressing deontic modality in Finnish and Polish in a legal context in terms of deontic strength. The particular interest is put on the Finnish necessive expression on -t(t)ava and its Polish equivalents. The choice of this expression is motivated by the fact that it is the most frequent deontic expression that occurred in the analysed material. It is argued that although the meaning of the Finnish and English modal expressions are almost parallel, the corresponding Polish expressions show some discrepancy. This paper aims at giving insight into the differences of the phenomenon on the basis of the Treaty on Functioning of the European Union.
The aim of this research is to examine synonymy between two obligation expressions, tulee and on-t(t)ava, in Finnish legal language on the basis of the results of a survey. The analysis is based on the responses of 336 Finnish language users. Both expressions are the most frequent means of expressing obligation in normative acts and they can be regarded as nearsynonyms. However, the synonymy between them has not been studied in legal language so far. On the basis of respondents' comments ten differentiating features have been found. The features distinguished in the research can provide some additional information on the usage of the expressions because not all of the features have been addressed in the dictionaries so far.
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